“…During the polishing process, the remaining length of the cladding region is determined by measuring a scattering loss due to scattering on the surface. 11 As the remaining length of cladding region is reduced, the evanescent field coupling on the surface of D-shaped fiber is enhanced and the scattering loss is increased. For the interaction length of 4 cm, three samples A, B, and C with different scattering losses, such as 1, 4, and 7 dB, were fabricated, which were resulted in different remaining lengths of cladding region, such as 13.5, 9.5, and 6.5 m, respectively.…”