Effect of an external magnetic field applied in batch adsorption systems: Removal of dyes and heavy metals in binary solutions

Sustainable Adsorption Removal of Nickel and Chromium on Eco-Friendly Industrial Waste: Equilibrium Study

“…This edge face carries a positive charge at pH less than 7 [28], which is the case of the current research. The dye molecules pre-adsorbed on the surface of the adsorbent may also be responsible for the enhancement of adsorption capacity due to the intermolecular interactions with metal ions (synergistic effect) [31]. This is in accordance with the results of Bhattacharya et al [32] who indicated that the adsorption capacity of hexavalent chromium on fuller's earth was 23.58 mg/g.…”

Magnetic nanoadsorbents for micropollutant removal in real water treatment: a review

“…The ‘ intelligent sensing ’ can be a response of the intelligent magnetic nanoadsorbent toward a single stimulus or more. The stimuli can be: Physical such as exposure to variations in light intensity (Xu et al 2020 ), temperature (Ebadollahzadeh and Zabihi 2020 ; Li et al 2021b ), magnetic field strength (Flores López et al 2018 ) and hydrodynamic mechanical shear forces which can get onset during continuous turbulently mixed reactor-type (Xie et al 2017 ; Jun et al 2020 ) or bed-type adsorption processes (Niksefat Abatari et al 2017 ); Chemical because of fluctuations in pH (Reguyal and Sarmah 2018 ), variations in ionic strength (Zhang et al 2019 ), and due to variable concentrations of competing/coexisting species such as ammonium (Mazloomi and Jalali 2017 ), phosphate, sulfate, nitrate (Tuutijärvi et al 2012 ; Rashid et al 2017 ), multiple organic pollutants, e.g., dyes, pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals (Hlongwane et al 2019 ), natural organic matter such as humic substances (Reguyal and Sarmah 2018 ; He et al 2018 ), and alkali and alkali-earth metal ions (e.g., K + , Mg 2+ , Ca 2+ ) (Quiroga-Flores et al 2020 ), transition (e.g., Co 2+ , Cd 2+ , Ni 2+ ) metal ions (Quiroga-Flores et al 2020 ) and/or ions with a radioactive character (e.g., Sr 2+ (Vivas et al 2020 ), Cs + (Işık et al 2021 ) or uranyl ion ( ) (Yang et al 2017b )); and Microbiological due to potential interactions of magnetic nanoadsorbents with a multitude of microorganisms to form microbial aggregates which in turn can protect them (Tang et al 2018 ). …”

“…Physical such as exposure to variations in light intensity (Xu et al 2020 ), temperature (Ebadollahzadeh and Zabihi 2020 ; Li et al 2021b ), magnetic field strength (Flores López et al 2018 ) and hydrodynamic mechanical shear forces which can get onset during continuous turbulently mixed reactor-type (Xie et al 2017 ; Jun et al 2020 ) or bed-type adsorption processes (Niksefat Abatari et al 2017 );…”

An Environmentally Friendly Method for Removing Hg(II), Pb(II), Cd(II) and Sn(II) Heavy Metals from Wastewater Using Novel Metal–Carbon-Based Composites

“…Among these approaches, adsorption techniques to eliminate heavy metals from aqueous media have become more attractive, have received worldwide attention, and are considered to be some of the most promising techniques due to their powerful performance, low energetic requirements, ease of implementation and operation, safety, and low cost [8][9][10]. Several adsorbents, including metal oxides, resin, silicate materials, clays, polymers, polymer-metal oxide hybrids, biomaterials, and nanocomposites, as well as carbonaceous materials, including activated carbon, carbon-graphene-based materials, fullerenes, and biochar, are newly developed and display potential applications in the removal of heavy metals from water or wastewater [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23]. Fullerenes have a hydrophobic character, high electron affinity, a high surface-to-volume ratio, and surface defects.…”