Effect of an Isoenergetic Traditional Mediterranean Diet on the High-Density Lipoprotein Proteome in Men with the Metabolic Syndrome

Abstract

Background/Aims: The objective of this preliminary study was to examine the impact of the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) on the high-density lipoprotein (HDL) proteome in men with the metabolic syndrome (MetS). Methods: Twenty-six men with the MetS first consumed a standardized baseline North American isoenergetic control diet (5 weeks) and then consumed an isoenergetic MedDiet (5 weeks), both in full feeding condition. The HDL fraction was isolated by ultracentrifugation at the end of each diet and the HDL proteome assessed by isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation and mass spectrometry. Results: Of all proteins identified within HDL, only 3 showed significant changes in relative abundance after the MedDiet versus the control diet, including a reduction in inflammation-related inter-α-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain H4 (fold change: 0.62) and hemoglobin subunits α (fold change: 0.40) and β (fold change: 0.46). Other HDL-bound proteins associated with functions related to lipid metabolism/cholesterol homeostasis, oxidation, coagulation, complement activation and immunity were unchanged after consumption of the MedDiet for 5 weeks. Conclusions: Changes in the HDL proteome may explain, at least partly, the well-known anti-inflammatory effect ascribed to the MedDiet. Otherwise, short-term consumption of the MedDiet seems to have little impact on other features of the HDL proteome in men with the MetS.

The association between dietary patterns and the novel inflammatory markers platelet-activating factor and lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2: a systematic review

“…81 The other study was a fixed-sequence study that presented Lp-PLA 2 as percentage change only, which limited the usefulness of the data. 91 In that study, the small number of people whose HDL cholesterol was noted to have increased (n ¼ 6 compared with n ¼ 6 with reduced HDL), and there was a trend toward a favorable impact on Lp-PLA 2 ; however, the results were not significant. 91 Four studies examined vegetarian dietary patterns.…”

“…91 In that study, the small number of people whose HDL cholesterol was noted to have increased (n ¼ 6 compared with n ¼ 6 with reduced HDL), and there was a trend toward a favorable impact on Lp-PLA 2 ; however, the results were not significant. 91 Four studies examined vegetarian dietary patterns. One study was an RCT and compared similar Indian vegetarian diets that differed in the addition of either coconut or peanuts.…”

Low-Fat Diet Designed for Weight Loss But Not Weight Maintenance Improves Nitric Oxide-Dependent Arteriolar Vasodilation in Obese Adults

“…Even though the lower level of HDL cholesterol is a risk factor for the development of CVD, an association between low-fat diet and increased CVD risk has not been established. In efforts to clarify this phenomenon, some studies demonstrated that despite the overall reduction in HDL in response to low-fat diet, HDL/apolipoprotein subtypes that are responsible for cholesterol metabolism were functionally preserved [68,69]. Another lipid profile component that has an established long-standing association with CVD is the plasma level of triglycerides.…”

Olive oil phenolic compounds and high-density lipoprotein function

“…HDLs could act as transporters of several derivatives of olive oil phenolic compounds to the endothelial cells where they may prevent oxidative damage in cell mitochondria and preserve the production of nitric oxide, as described in vitro [35,37]. [38] has been reported to decrease the content of acute-phase proteins in HDLs and may, therefore, promote a less pro-inflammatory state of the particles.…”