“…Despite these adaptations, increasing clinical evidence supports a strong association between anemia, increased organ injury, and mortality. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] With the advent of modern medical intervention, the initial treatment of acute blood loss is fluid resuscitation with crystalloid and/or colloid. This treatment has led to an increased incidence of normovolemic hemodilution (hemodilution) in many clinical settings, including the operating room and intensive care unit.…”