Effect of anemia on pregnancy outcome: a prospective study at tertiary care hospital

Abstract

Background: Iron deficiency anaemia during pregnancy leads to preterm birth, low birth weight and small-for-gestational age babies and increases incidence of postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) and the reason for the incidence of PPH is higher in India compared with the rest of the world. The objective of this study was to find association between maternal anaemia and neonatal complications and to find long term morbidity and mortality of babies born to anaemic mothers.Methods: It is a prospective study done at Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Medical College and Hospital, Bangalore during October 2009 to October 2011. All subjects were analyzed in full details and haemoglobin estimation done during 1st visit, at 30th week and 36th week of gestation.Results: Study observed moderate anaemia observed in almost 53.0% cases followed by mild (29.5%) and severe (17.5%) respectively. Risk factors present in 58.0% cases and maternal complications in puerperium observed in 14.5% cases. High incidence of adverse foetal outcome in the form of preterm (20%), IUGR (28%), NICU admission (25.5%) and IUD (3%) seen in present study. Study found association between space between pregnancy, LSCS and fetal outcome with severity of anaemia. Ensuring maternal iron sufficiency during gestation is the most cost-effective method of preventing perinatal iron deficiency and related morbidities.Conclusions: Iron supplementation during pregnancy in iron deficient mothers improves iron status during pregnancy and postpartum period, thus providing some protection against iron deficiency in the subsequent pregnancy. Proper antenatal care is the basic requirement for prevention, early detection and treatment of anaemia.

Women with Severe Anemia in Labor: Adverse Clinical Outcomes

“…Unbooked women were significantly more in group A, similar to other studies [13,7] in which obstetric risks are found to be high [11] . Illiteracy, poverty, lack of awareness of prenatal care and accessibility of health facilities might be the factors that women do not come for availing antenatal services.…”

“…All the women were followed up postpartum till discharge. Most of the women in group A had microcytic hypochromic type of anemia (Table 1) similar to other studies [10,11] . Milman has suggested iron deficiency as the commonest cause of anemia [12] .…”

Pregnant women with severe anemia reporting in labor: prevalence, socio-demographic and obstetric determinants

“…Women belonging to middle and upper socioeconomic status comprised 36% in group A compared to 60% in group B in our study. Similar observations has been made by Sharma et al and Upadhyay et al 22,24 Lokhare et al, Khatod et al in their study have reported that the severity of anemia decreases as the education level and socioeconomic status increases. 25,26 Anemia in antenatal women is thus inversely related to the literacy status.…”

Incidence of anemia in pregnancy and its maternal-fetal outcome in admitted ANC patients in tertiary care center, Bhilai, Chhattisgarh, India

“…These were comparable with the observation of Upadhyay C et al were Preterm deliveries was 20%, IUGR 11.5% and IUD 3% and Awasthi A et al PT (9.5%), IUGR (37.5%) and IUD (8%) and also comparable with Rangnekar et al PT (73%), IUGR (4%) and IUD (16%). 7,12,13 In this study most common cause of anemia is iron deficiency anemia (69.6%) followed by sickle cell anemia (15.4%) as incidence of sickle cell anemia is very high in Chhattisgarh as shown in study of Lagoo J et al (17%). Similarly, Cochrane review 2009 shows that microcytic hypochromic anemia resulting from iron deficiency is the most frequent form of anemia (76%), followed by folate deficiency (20%) and combined iron and folate deficiency (20%).…”