“…In order to reduce the usage of Ir while maintaining the lifetime of IrO 2 , doping other metal elements into IrO 2 , such as Ta, Sn, Zr, to form composite materials is a feasible way. − Among these substances, ZrO 2 has low thermal conductivity, excellent chemical durability, and good thermal stability, making it used well in catalysis and surface chemistry applications . At the same time, ZrO 2 can stabilize the crystallinity of IrO 2 and promote more charge accumulation, thus increasing OER activity .…”