Effect of Annealing Temperature on Dielectric Relaxation and Raman Scattering of 0.65Pb(Mg_1/3Nb_2/3)O₃−0.35PbTiO₃ System

Abstract

The influences of annealing temperature on the phase transition, dielectrical, and ferroelectric response of 0.65Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3−0.35PbTiO3 (PMN−35PT) have been investigated in detail. X‐ray diffraction combined with Raman spectra analysis indicated that the samples annealed below 1100°C show a complete perovskite structure while at higher temperature, the volatilization of PbO results in the formation of the pyrochlore phase. The relative intensity I740/I800 of A1g mode increased with the increase of annealing temperature, indicating the phase transition to the tetragonal side. The annealing can eliminate the grain‐boundary layer, release the internal stress, and improve the homogeneous distribution of polar nanoregions, resulting in the increase of dielectric constants and the decrease of relaxor behavior. Moreover, the squareness Rsq from the P–E hysteresis loop displayed the enhanced trend with the increase of annealing temperature, which can be attributed to the descending of B‐site cation order.

Phase Diagram, Temperature Stability, and Electrical Properties of (0.85−x)Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3–0.10Pb(Fe1/2Nb1/2)O3–0.05PbZrO3–xPbTiO3 System

“…However, if attentions were paid to the figure, one can find that a continuous transformation occurs as the compositions change in the frequency range 700–900 cm −1 , which is known as A 1g mode. According to the studies on PMN–PT, PMN–PZ–PT, and PMN–PFN–PT, the broadened A 1g mode is composed of two peaks centered at around 740 cm −1 and 800 cm −1 . The inset in Fig.…”

Temperature-Dependent Phase Transition in Orthorhombic [011]c Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3) O3-0.35PbTiO3 Single Crystal

“…In order to assess the evolution of the relaxor ferroelectric properties and phase transition temperature (T o-t ) accurately, squareness (R sq ) of P-E loop as a function of temperature has been calculated using Equation (2) [3]: (2) where P r is the remanent polarization, P s is the saturated polarization, E c stands for coercive field, and P 1.1Ec represents the polarization under the external field of 1.1E c . For the ideal square loop, R sq equals to 2.…”

“…Relaxor-PbTiO 3 (PT) based single crystals have generated much interest in the past two decades owing to their excellent dielectric and piezoelectric performances [1,2] compared to lead zirconate titanate (PZT) ceramics [3,4]. [001] c Pb(Mg 1/3 Nb 2/3 )O 3 -xPbTiO 3 (PMN-xPT) single crystals with compositions close to morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) are well known as typical relaxor ferroelectrics with ultrahigh piezoelectric coefficient (d 33 > 2000 pC/N) and electromechanical coupling factor (k 33 > 0.9) [5], with various high-tech applications, such as sonar transducers, medical ultrasonic detectors, actuators, to name a few [6][7][8].…”

“…[001] c Pb(Mg 1/3 Nb 2/3 )O 3 -xPbTiO 3 (PMN-xPT) single crystals with compositions close to morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) are well known as typical relaxor ferroelectrics with ultrahigh piezoelectric coefficient (d 33 > 2000 pC/N) and electromechanical coupling factor (k 33 > 0.9) [5], with various high-tech applications, such as sonar transducers, medical ultrasonic detectors, actuators, to name a few [6][7][8]. The thermal stability of dielectric and piezoelectric properties of PMN-xPT single crystals is very important for most electromechanical applications.…”

Domain Structure and Enhanced Electrical Properties in Sodium Bismuth Titanate Ceramics Sintered from Crystals with Different Morphologies

“…Piezoelectric materials have been widely investigated due to their significant role in practical devices, such as advanced sensors, actuators, and capacitors . At present, lead‐based materials are predominant for piezoelectric applications, which imposes severe impacts on the human health and environment .…”