Effect of annealing temperature on the structural, morphological, photocatalytic and optical properties of the Cu-Ni co-doped TiO2 nanoparticles

Abstract

The effect of annealing temperature on the photocatalyst's structural, morphological, photocatalytic and optical properties have been extensively studied. In this work, the Cu-Ni co-doped TiO2 powder was prepared by the sol-gel technique and annealed at temperatures 400°C, 500°C, 600°C, 700°C, and 800°C. The structural phase of the Cu-Ni/TiO2 changed from anatase to rutile after the annealing temperature increased from 400°C to 800°C. The anatase phase was found at 400°C and 500°C, the mixed phase at 600 and 700°C, and the rutile phase at 800°C. The specific surface area and band gap of Cu-Ni/TiO2 were decreased with the increment of annealing temperatures from 70.00 to 24.89 m2 /g and 3.36 eV to 3.04 eV, respectively. Meanwhile, as the annealing temperature rises, the average particle size increases from 38.52 to 173.59 nm. The anatase-rutile mixed phase of Cu-Ni/TiO2 annealed at 600°C exhibited the highest photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue (MB) with 62.81% MB removal. Experimental results indicated that the annealing temperature could alter the structural, morphological, and optical properties of the Cu-Ni/TiO2, affecting the photocatalytic activity performance.

Effect of Calcination Temperature on Phase, Morphology, and Optical Properties of TiO2 Nanoparticles and Boron Nitride Decorated TiO2 Nanotubes

“… italicW normalR = 1 1 + 0.8 ( I A / I R ) italicW normalA = 1 − italicW normalR where W R and W A denote the mole fraction of the rutile and anatase phase, respectively, and I R and I A represent the intensity of the rutile and anatase phase, respectively. Equations and were utilized to determine the anatase (101) and rutile (110) phase content percentage normalanatase .25em % = 100 × italicI normalA italicI normalA + 1.265 × italicI normalA normalrutile .25em % = 100 − normalanatase .25em % …”

“…Equations 4 and 5 were utilized to determine the anatase (101) and rutile (110) phase content percentage. 30 = × + ×…”

“…These results suggest a reciprocal relationship between anatase and rutile phase content (Table 1). 30 The determination of crystallite size was performed by utilizing the Debye−Scherrer equation (eq 6) (Figure 8a). 31…”

Introduction of TiO2 enhancing the catalytic performance of Ti(SO4)2/SiO2 for dimethyl ether oxidation

“…This may be due to the fact that the increase in calcination temperature is accompanied by the growth of TiO 2 grains and crystal phase transition. 18 Correspondingly, the dispersion of TiO 2 affects the distribution state of Ti(SO 4 ) 2 ; as shown in Fig. 1b, Ti(SO 4 ) 2 is more evenly dispersed on the surface of the TS-400 °C support.…”