Effect of anode passivation on ferrate(VI) electro-generation using ductile iron anode and application for methylene blue treatment

Mai, Thi Thanh Thuy; Anh Nguyen, Thi Van; Phan, Thi Binh

doi:10.1007/s10800-024-02066-3

J Appl Electrochem

2024

DOI: 10.1007/s10800-024-02066-3

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Effect of anode passivation on ferrate(VI) electro-generation using ductile iron anode and application for methylene blue treatment

Thi Thanh Thuy Mai,

Thi Van Anh Nguyen,

Thi Binh Phan

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2024

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Cited by 2 publications

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Toward Continuous Electrochemical Synthesis of Ferrate

Kupec,

Plischka,

Duman

et al. 2024

Advanced Sustainable Systems

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Ferrate (Fe(VI)) is of great interest in energy storage solutions, organic synthesis, and wastewater treatment due to its decent oxidation potential and non‐toxic end‐product formation, making it a green oxidizer. The electrochemical generation of ferrate in NaOH at current densities of j ≥ 100 mA cm−2 is presented using low‐cost sacrificial iron anodes, mild steel, and spheroidal graphite cast iron (ductile iron). Under optimized reaction parameters with 40 wt.% (14 m) NaOH and a ZrO2‐based diaphragm, spheroidal graphite cast iron shows no signs of passivation in 5 h experiments even at j = 150 mA cm−2. The results are used in a novel electrolysis cell with a combined geometric anode surface area of 230 cm2, incorporated in a mini‐plant suitable for continuous synthesis. This setup produces a peak ferrate concentration of 10.1 g L−1 (84 mm) after 5 h in 1.6 L anolyte volume, resulting in a total ferrate mass of 16.2 g. Optimal electrolysis temperatures are between 35 and 50 °C. The highest current efficiency is 63.0%, and the lowest specific energy consumption is 9.2 kWh kg−1 ferrate. The presented work is an essential step toward the continuous electrochemical synthesis of ferrate using sacrificial anodes under basic conditions.

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Toward Continuous Electrochemical Synthesis of Ferrate

Kupec,

Plischka,

Duman

et al. 2024

Advanced Sustainable Systems

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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Ferrate(VI) green oxidant: electrochemical generation, self‐decomposition, and application for reactive red 195 azo dye treatment

Nguyen,

Mai,

Phan

et al. 2024

J of Chemical Tech & Biotech

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BACKGROUNDFerrate(VI), an environmentally friendly oxidant, has recently emerged as one of the most promising chemicals for water and wastewater treatment due to its versatile application as an oxidant, coagulant, and disinfectant. In this paper, the factors affecting the electrosynthesis process of ferrate using ductile iron anode were studied. Besides, the obtained ferrate was used to remove reactive red 195 (RR195).RESULTSThe optimal ferrate electrochemical synthesis conditions were determined, including 14 mol L−1 NaOH electrolyte solution, a current density of 40 mA cm−2, and electrolysis time of approximately 5–6 h. Furthermore, the kinetics of the ferrate's self‐decomposition reaction was also studied at different temperatures. The decomposition process of ferrate in a 14 mol L−1 NaOH environment followed second‐order kinetics, with reaction rate constants of 4.70 × 10−9, 7.31 × 10−8, 1.95 × 10−7, and 4.70 × 10−7 (L mol−1 s−1) at temperatures of 4, 10, 20, and 30 °C, respectively. RR195 treatment efficiency by ferrate reached 96.3% in a short time of 3 min at pH 3 with a ferrate/RR195 molar ratio of 30/1.CONCLUSIONThis study identified the optimal conditions for the electrochemical synthesis of ferrate using a ductile iron anode. Ferrate was stable at a low temperature of 4 °C, so unused ferrate needs to be stored at low temperatures to avoid decomposition of ferrate. The ferrate green oxidant demonstrated high efficiency in the treatment of RR195 in a short time. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).

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Effect of anode passivation on ferrate(VI) electro-generation using ductile iron anode and application for methylene blue treatment

Cited by 2 publications

References 46 publications

Toward Continuous Electrochemical Synthesis of Ferrate

Toward Continuous Electrochemical Synthesis of Ferrate

Ferrate(VI) green oxidant: electrochemical generation, self‐decomposition, and application for reactive red 195 azo dye treatment

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