Effect of anodized zirconium implants on early osseointegration process in adult rats: a histological and histomorphometric study

Abstract

Since surface plays a key role in bioactivity, the response of the host to the biomaterial will determine the success or failure of the prosthesis. The purpose of this study is to make an exhaustive analysis of the histological and histochemical characteristics of new bone tissue around Zr implants anodized at 60 V (Zr60) supported by histomorphometric methods in a rat model. Fibrous tissue was observed around the control implants (Zr0) and osteoblasts were identified on the trabeculae close to the implantation site that showed typical cytological characteristics of active secretory cells, regardless of the surface condition. The histomorphometrical analysis revealed a significant increase in cancellous bone volume, trabecular thickness and in trabecular number together with a decrease in trabecular separation facing Zr60. TRAP staining showed that there was a relative increase in the number of osteoclasts for Zr60. In addition, a larger number of osteoclast with a greater number of nuclei were detected in the tibiae for Zr60. This research demonstrated that the new bone microarchitecture in contact with Zr60 is able to improve the early stages of the osseointegration process and consequently the primary stability of implants which is a crucial factor to reduce recovery time for patients.

Oral Tissue Interactions and Cellular Response to Zirconia Implant-Prosthetic Components: A Critical Review

“…The challenge with products manufactured with ZrO 2 is their hardness and the complexity in the treatment of their surfaces [ 1 , 8 ]. However, current advanced manufacturing protocols have been able to develop nanoscale textures on this material by applying techniques such as anodizing, high-intensity lasers, acid etching and surface coatings [ 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 ]. Gnilitskyi and collaborators reported the use of high-speed femtosecond laser on ZrO 2 surfaces for surface nanotexturization, which has been proven to be of significant importance in terms of cell adhesion and osseointegration in an animal model [ 9 ].…”

Towards Clinical Translation: Optimized Fabrication of Controlled Nanostructures on Implant-Relevant Curved Zirconium Surfaces

“…As a result, research has shifted towards the fabrication of controlled nanotopographies on Zr-based implants (including Zr, Ti–Zr alloys etc.). Various strategies have been employed for nano-engineering Zr implants, such as electrochemical anodization (EA) [ 17 ], plasma treatment [ 18 ], micro-arc oxidation [ 19 ], hydrothermal treatment [ 20 ], chemical co-precipitation, and sol–gel method [ 21 ]. Among these, EA stands out due to its cost-effectiveness, scalability, and control over the characteristics of the fabricated nanostructures [ 22 ].…”

Nanotecnologías ecocompatibles para aplicaciones en biomateriales de titanio

“…Adicionalmente, experimentos con osteoblastos de rata (RCO) y fibroblastos gingivales humanos (HGF) en un gradiente de rugosidad sobre aluminio también demostraron que los RCO mostraron una proliferación significativamente un mayor porcentaje con aumento de la rugosidad de la superficie, mientras que los fibroblastos mostraron una menor proliferación en sustratos más rugosos [204]. Por último, también se ha reportado que algunas superficies rugosas producen una mejor osteointegración in vivo que las superficies más lisas, lo que sugiere que la superficie modula la respuesta ósea, incluida la diferenciación de osteoblastos, la deposición de matriz extracelular y la calcificación [205][206][207].…”