Effect of anti-inflammatory drugs on endotoxin-induced diarrhea in mice.

Tsurumi, Kaito; Fujimura, Hajimè

doi:10.1254/jjp.33.165

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…In the 19‐day experiment (Figure 1A), HCD‐4.2 mice experienced weight loss in the first week, although animals had appropriate weight gain after 19 days. This effect was thought to be due to toxicity of AA 16 , 17 . There were no statistically significant differences in body weight gain among groups during the study.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Docosahexaenoic Acid and Arachidonic Acid Prevent Essential Fatty Acid Deficiency and Hepatic Steatosis

Meisel

Meijer

et al. 2011

J Parenter Enteral Nutr

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Objectives Essential fatty acids are important for growth, development, and physiologic function. Alpha-linolenic acid and linoleic acid are the precursors of docosahexaenoic and arachidonic acid, respectively, and have traditionally been considered the essential fatty acids. However, we hypothesized that docosahexaenoic acid and arachidonic acid can function as the essential fatty acids. Methods Using a murine model of essential fatty acid deficiency and consequent hepatic steatosis, we provided mice with varying amounts of docosahexaenoic and arachidonic acids to determine whether exclusive supplementation of docosahexaenoic and arachidonic acids could prevent essential fatty acid deficiency and inhibit or attenuate hepatic steatosis. Results Mice supplemented with docosahexaenoic and arachidonic acids at 2.1% or 4.2% of their calories for 19 days had normal liver histology and no biochemical evidence of essential fatty acid deficiency, which persisted when observed after 9 weeks. Conclusion Supplementation of sufficient amounts of docosahexaenoic and arachidonic acids alone without alpha-linolenic and linoleic acids meets essential fatty acid requirements and prevents hepatic steatosis in a murine model.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This effect was confirmed on repeated experiments. In the HCD‐4.2 group, each mouse received approximately 200 mg/kg/d of AA, which is lethal if administered alone in intravenous form 16 , 17 . However, when given with DHA in oral form, the level of toxicity is often diminished 26 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Docosahexaenoic Acid and Arachidonic Acid Prevent Essential Fatty Acid Deficiency and Hepatic Steatosis

Meisel

Meijer

et al. 2011

J Parenter Enteral Nutr

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“…castor oil) and the supply of L-arginine for NO synthesis is not rate-limiting. Hutcheson et al (1990) suggest that endotoxin, an intestinal secretagogue (Tsurumi & Fujimura, 1983), induces the formation of NO from L-arginine by endothelial cells or possibly activated leucocytes. Most probably during castor oil-induced diarrhoea there is in the gut a generation of NO and this could explain the antidiarrhoeal effect by L-NAME.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibitors of nitric oxide synthetase prevent castor‐oil‐induced diarrhoea in the rat

Mascolo

Izzo

Barbato

et al. 1993

British J Pharmacology

105

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1 Castor oil (2 ml orally) produced copious diarrhoea in rats 3 h after its administration. 2 Pretreatment (intraperitoneal, i.p.) of rats with the NO synthesis inhibitors Na-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME, 1-25 mg kg-') and NG-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA, 2.5-100mg kg-') inhibited or prevented castor-oil-induced diarrhoea. L-Arginine (150-600 mg kg-', i.p.) administered to rats pretreated with L-NAME 10 mg kg-', drastically reduced the antidiarrhoeal activity of L-NAME in a dose-related manner. D-Arginine (900 mg kg-') did not modify the protection by L-NAME. 3 Pretreatment (i.p.) of rats with L-NAME (2.5-25 mg kg-') decreased the intestinal fluid accumulation and Na+ secretion induced by castor oil. L-Arginine (600 mg kg-') but not D-arginine (900 mg kg-') counteracted the inhibitory effect of L-NAME (10mg kg-'). 4 L-NAME (10 and 25 mg kg-) had no significant effect on the intestinal transit in normal rats or those given castor oil. 5 These results provide evidence that nitric oxide (NO) could play an important role in castor-oilinduced diarrhoea.

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“…In this study pre-treatment with flunixin and phenylbutazone antagonised the motility effects of endotoxin on the stomach, small and large intestine, supporting a role for the prostaglandins in these effects. It is impossible to be sure, however, that the protective action of NSAIDs on the effects of endotoxin on the bowel are due to inhibition of cyclooxygenase; anti-inflammatory drugs which do not inhibit prostaglandin synthesis were effective in antagonising endotoxin-induced diarrhoea in mice (Tsurumi and Fujimura 1983).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antagonism of endotoxin‐induced disruption of equine bowel motility by flunixin and phenylbutazone

King

Gerring

1989

Equine Veterinary Journal

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Summary Post operative ileus is a serious complication of abdominal surgery in horses and there is evidence that endotoxin plays a significant role in its pathogenesis. Pre‐treatment with intravenous (iv) flunixin (1.1 mg/kg bodyweight [bwt]) or phenylbutazone (4.4 mg/kg bwt) significantly antagonised the acute disruption of gastric, small intestinal and large intestinal motility induced by 0.1 μg/kg bwt iv endotoxin in ponies implanted with gastrointestinal strain gauges. Phenylbutazone was more effective than flunixin and this was significant (P<0.01) for the stomach and left dorsal colon. Both drugs reduced the acute systemic side‐effects of the endotoxin and flunixin was slightly more effective than phenylbutazone in antagonising the cardiovascular effects. These results suggest that the acute effects of endotoxin on bowel motility are mediated at least in part by a cyclooxygenase dependant pathway. Flunixin and phenylbutazone showed a relative selectivity for the cardiovascular and gastrointestinal effects of endotoxin, respectively. Phenylbutazone may be of use clinically in acute colic cases, antagonising the disruptive effects of endotoxin on bowel motility, without entirely blocking the cardiovascular effects which can indicate that the patient has a condition requiring surgery.

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Effect of anti-inflammatory drugs on endotoxin-induced diarrhea in mice.

Cited by 7 publications

References 20 publications

Docosahexaenoic Acid and Arachidonic Acid Prevent Essential Fatty Acid Deficiency and Hepatic Steatosis

Docosahexaenoic Acid and Arachidonic Acid Prevent Essential Fatty Acid Deficiency and Hepatic Steatosis

Inhibitors of nitric oxide synthetase prevent castor‐oil‐induced diarrhoea in the rat

Antagonism of endotoxin‐induced disruption of equine bowel motility by flunixin and phenylbutazone

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