Effect of anti-Müllerian hormone on the regulation of pituitary gonadotropin subunit expression: roles of kisspeptin and its receptors in gonadotroph LβT2 cells

Abstract

Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) is primarily produced by ovarian granulosa cells and contributes to follicle development. AMH is also produced in other tissues, including the brain and pituitary; however, its roles in these tissues are not well understood. In this study, we examined the effect of AMH on pituitary gonadotrophs. We detected AMH and AMH receptor type 2 expression in LβT2 cells. In these cells, the expression of FSHβ-but not α-and LHβ-subunits increased significantly as the concentration of AMH increased. LβT2 cells expressed Kiss-1 and Kiss-1R. AMH stimulation resulted in decreases in both Kiss-1 and Kiss-1R. The siRNA-mediated knockdown of Kiss-1 in LβT2 cells did not alter the basal expression levels of α-, LHβ-, and FSHβ-subunits. In LβT2 cells overexpressing Kiss-1R, exogenous kisspeptin stimulation significantly increased the expression of all three gonadotropin subunits. However, kisspeptin-induced increases in these subunits were almost completely eliminated in the presence of AMH. In contrast, GnRH-induced increases in the three gonadotropin subunits were not modulated by AMH. Our observations suggested that AMH acts on pituitary gonadotrophs and induces FSHβ-subunit expression with concomitant decreases in Kiss-1 and Kiss-1R gene expression. Kisspeptin, but not GnRH-induced gonadotropin subunit expression, was inhibited by AMH, suggesting that it functions in association with the kisspeptin/Kiss-1R system in gonadotrophs.

Dynamic changes and importance of plasma concentrations of ether phospholipids, of which the majority are plasmalogens, in postpartum Holstein dairy cows

“…Although AMH is primarily produced by the preantral and small antral follicles in humans and animals (Monniaux et al 2012), bovine gonadotroph and GnRH neurons express both AMH and AMH receptors (Kereilwe et al 2018b(Kereilwe et al , 2019Kereilwe and Kadokawa 2020). AMH stimulates FSH synthesis in LβT2 cells (Tumurbaatar et al 2021), and AMH stimulates FSH and LH secretion from gonadotrophs (Kereilwe et al 2019;Tumurbaatar et al 2021). Thus, small follicles, the hypothalamus, and gonadotrophs secrete AMH to regulate reproductive functions in endocrine, autocrine and paracrine manners.…”

Anti-Müllerian Hormone: A Molecular Key to Unlocking Polycystic Ovary Syndrome?

“…production has been identified outside the gonads, including in the brain, 2 pituitary, 3 and in ovarian cancer originating from the fallopian tube. 4 AMH is therefore a multiorgan system regulator with functions well beyond those of reproduction.…”

“…1 In females, in contrast, granulosa cells within ovarian follicles are the major producers of AMH from late gestation until reproductive senescence. More recently, AMH production has been identified outside the gonads, including in the brain, 2 pituitary, 3 and in ovarian cancer originating from the fallopian tube. 4 AMH is therefore a multiorgan system regulator with functions well beyond those of reproduction.…”