Effect of antimicrobials administered via liquid feed on the occurrence of sulphonamide and trimethoprim resistant Enterobacteriaceae: case-control study

Heller, Oliver; Stephan, Roger; Thanner, Sophie; Hässig, Michael; Bee, Giuseppe; Gutzwiller, A.; Sidler, Xaver

doi:10.1186/s40813-017-0067-0

Cited by 4 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…9,36,37 Der prophylaktische Antibiotikaeinsatz erfolgt vor allem beim Absetzen und beim Einstallen in die Mast zur Durchfallprophylaxe. 15,16 In unserer Studie wurde als Vergleichsgrösse für den Antibiotikaeinsatz der Tierbehandlungs-Index (TBI) nach Blaha et al gewählt. 6 In der Literatur werden neuerdings neben der definierten Tagesdosierung (Defined Daily Dose = DDD) auch die definierte Behandlungsdosierung (Defined Course Dose = DCD), also die antimikrobielle Wirkstoffmenge, die für eine gesamte, auch mehrtägige Behandlung benötigt wird, verwendet 25 .…”

Section: Diskussionunclassified

Use of antibiotics in Swiss piglet production and fattening farms

Hartmann¹,

Riklin²,

Müntener³

et al. 2019

SAT

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In 164 randomly selected Swiss piglet production farms and 101 fattening farms, the indication for antibiotic use in 2012/2013 was recorded and an animal treatment index (TBI) was calculated for each age group. Sows were treated on average 0.9 days per year mainly due to mastitis-metritis-agalactia (MMA). Suckling piglets were treated on average 0.5 days per production cycle, mainly due to diarrhea and polyarthritis. Weaned piglets were treated during 4.4 days, especially due to diarrhea, polyarthritis and wasting. In fattening pigs, treatments were mainly due to diarrhea and HPS-suspicion, and lasted on average 4.8 days. In sows, antibiotics were used prophylactically on 22.6% of the treatment days, in suckling piglets on 50.5%, in weaners on 86.1% and in fattening pigs on 79.0% of the treatment days. A prophylactic oral antibiotic group therapy did not have a significant positive effect on daily weight gain of fattening pigs, nor was it able to reduce the number of individual or group therapies. In farms with prophylactic oral group therapy, the mortality rate during the first two fattening weeks even tended to be higher (p=0.06) than in farms without oral group therapy. Highest priority critically important antibiotics were used in 22.6% of all treatment days in sows, in 37.5% in suckling piglets, in 17.2% in weaned piglets and in 27.3% in fattening pigs. In many farms, antibiotics were not prescribed and used according to the rules of "prudent use".

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Section: Diskussionunclassified

Use of antibiotics in Swiss piglet production and fattening farms

Hartmann¹,

Riklin²,

Müntener³

et al. 2019

SAT

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“…Sulfonamide + trimethoprim administration via liquid feeding pipelines for pigs selected for sulfonamide + trimethoprim‐resistant bacteria in the biofilm lining the pipelines. This may cause contamination of liquid feed for extended periods and represent a source of resistance genes for the gastrointestinal microbiota of the pigs (Heller et al., 2017 ).…”

Section: Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maximum levels of cross‐contamination for 24 antimicrobial active substances in non‐target feed. Part 13: Diaminopyrimidines: trimethoprim

Koutsoumanis¹,

Allende²,

Álvarez‐Ordóñez³

et al. 2021

EFS2

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The specific concentrations of trimethoprim in non-target feed for food-producing animals below which there would not be an effect on the emergence of, and/or selection for, resistance in bacteria relevant for human and animal health, as well as the specific antimicrobial concentrations in feed which have an effect in terms of growth promotion/increased yield were assessed by EFSA in collaboration with EMA. Details of the methodology used for this assessment, associated data gaps and uncertainties, are presented in a separate document. To address antimicrobial resistance, the Feed Antimicrobial Resistance Selection Concentration (FARSC) model developed specifically for the assessment was applied. The FARSC for trimethoprim was estimated. Uncertainties and data gaps associated to the levels reported were addressed. To address growth promotion, data from scientific publications obtained from an extensive literature review were used. No suitable data for the assessment were available. It was recommended to perform further studies to supply more diverse and complete data related to the requirements for calculation of the FARSC for trimethoprim.

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“…Antibiotic (−) farms had not administered in-feed antibiotics for at least 2 years. B Cleaning agents for pipes for Heller et al [78] were either added to water for circuit pipeline cleaning or flushing after cleaning.…”

Section: Liquid Feed System Sanitisation and Impact On The Microbial Profile Of Liquid Feedmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The surface of the mixing tanks, feed lines and troughs of liquid feeding systems are coated with biofilms [78]. These are complex structures composed of a mucous-like extracellular polymeric matrix secreted by the enclosed microbes, which protects them from the environment [2,3,79] (Figure 3).…”

Section: Liquid Feed System Sanitisation and Impact On The Microbial Profile Of Liquid Feedmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These are complex structures composed of a mucous-like extracellular polymeric matrix secreted by the enclosed microbes, which protects them from the environment [2,3,79] (Figure 3). In fact, recently, Heller et al [78] found that administration of antibiotics via liquid feeding systems selects for antibiotic resistant bacteria within these biofilms that may potentially confer resistance to the feed microbiota and the pig gut microbiome. In a similar manner, biofilms in the pipelines may act as an inoculum for feed passing through the pipes and, therefore, the microbial community within the biofilm will likely affect the composition of the LF microbial community i.e., biofilms may act as a reservoir of LAB, yeast or potential pathogens.…”

Section: Liquid Feed System Sanitisation and Impact On The Microbial Profile Of Liquid Feedmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Microbial Quality of Liquid Feed for Pigs and Its Impact on the Porcine Gut Microbiome

Cullen

Lawlor

Cormican

et al. 2021

Animals

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There is evidence that spontaneous fermentation frequently occurs in liquid pig feed that is intended to be delivered as fresh liquid feed, often with a resultant deterioration in the microbial and nutritional quality of the feed, which can negatively affect pig health and growth. Strategies including controlled fermentation with microbial inoculants, pre-fermentation or soaking of the cereal fraction of the diet, enzyme supplementation and dietary acidification have been employed to inhibit pathogens and prevent deterioration of feed nutritional quality, with promising results obtained in many cases. This review evaluates the impact of these strategies on the microbial quality of liquid feed and discusses how they can be further improved. It also investigates if/how these strategies impact the pig gut microbiota and growth performance of liquid-fed pigs. Finally, we review liquid feed system sanitisation practices, which are highly variable from farm to farm and discuss the impact of these practices and whether they are beneficial or detrimental to liquid feed microbial quality. Overall, we provide a comprehensive review of the current state of knowledge on liquid feed for pigs, focusing on factors affecting microbial quality and strategies for its optimisation, as well as its impact on the pig gut microbiome.

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Effect of antimicrobials administered via liquid feed on the occurrence of sulphonamide and trimethoprim resistant Enterobacteriaceae: case-control study

Cited by 4 publications

References 23 publications

Use of antibiotics in Swiss piglet production and fattening farms

Use of antibiotics in Swiss piglet production and fattening farms

Maximum levels of cross‐contamination for 24 antimicrobial active substances in non‐target feed. Part 13: Diaminopyrimidines: trimethoprim

Microbial Quality of Liquid Feed for Pigs and Its Impact on the Porcine Gut Microbiome

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