Effect of Antioxidant Mixtures on Growth and Ochratoxin A Production of Aspergillus Section Nigri Species under Different Water Activity Conditions on Peanut Meal Extract Agar

Abstract

The effect of mixtures of antioxidants butylated hydroxyanisol (BHA) and propyl paraben (PP) on lag phase, growth rate and ochratoxin A (OTA) production by four Aspergillus section Nigri strains was evaluated on peanut meal extract agar (PMEA) under different water activities (aw). The antioxidant mixtures used were: BHA + PP (mM), M1 (0.5 + 0.5), M2 (1.0 + 0.5), M3 (2.5 + 0.5), M4 (0.5 + 1.0), M5 (1.0 + 1.0), M6 (2.5 + 1.0), M7 (5.0 + 2.5) and M8 (10 + 2.5). The mixture M8 completely suppressed mycelial growth for all strains. A significant stimulation in OTA production was observed with mixtures M1 to M5 mainly at the highest aw; whereas M6, M7 and M8 completely inhibited OTA production in all strains assayed; except M6 in A. carbonarius strain (RCP G). These results could enable a future intervention strategy to minimize OTA contamination.

Effect of in vitro glyphosate on Fusarium spp. growth and disease severity in maize

“…Data belonging to the exponential growth phase were used to perform a linear regression to obtain growth rate (mm day −1 ) as the slope of the line. The lag phase (h) prior to growth for each treatment was defined as the X value for a Y value of 5 mm …”

Influence of herbicide glyphosate on growth and aflatoxin B1production byAspergillussectionFlavistrains isolated from soil onin vitroassay

“…The lag phase (h) before growth was also determined. [49] The numbers of growth and lag phase analysis was performed on eight Aspergillus section Flavi strains, six different concentrations of glyphosate, the control treatment and three water availability; every analysis was carried by cuadruplicate and all experiment was repeated twice.…”

“…[45] Previous studies have evaluated the effects of compounds commonly present in cereals and oilseeds stored as food grade antioxidants on growth rate and on mycotoxin production by Aspergillus section Flavi and Nigri. [46][47][48][49] However, only limited information is available on the influence of xenobiotic compound as glyphosate, which is also present in the agricultural ecosystem in opportunistic phytopathogens such as Aspergillus section Flavi, and its influence on the subsequent mycotoxins production. [50][51][52] The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of glyphosate on i) the lag phase to growth, ii) growth rates and iii) aflatoxin B 1 production by strains of Aspergillus section Flavi under different water availabilities on maize based medium.…”

Influence of the pesticides glyphosate, chlorpyrifos and atrazine on growth parameters of nonochratoxigenicAspergillussectionNigristrains isolated from agricultural soils

“…The lag phase (h) before growth was also determined. [33] Growth and lag phase analyses were performed on two Aspergillus niger aggregate strains, with three different concentrations of each of three pesticides and three different MPa conditions, with the respective controls. Each analysis was carried out in quadruplicate and all of the experiments were repeated twice.…”