Effect of antiretroviral therapy on cardiac risk markers in people living with HIV/AIDS

Gupta, Parakriti; Tyagi, Saurabh; Sheoran, Ankita; Jain, Pritesh; Koner, Sai Kiran; Sharma, Lokesh Kumar; Singh, Saurabh; Khura, Jayanti

doi:10.4103/ijstd.ijstd_72_21

Cited by 1 publication

(1 citation statement)

References 12 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…As such, increased resting heart rate and decreased short-term heart rate variability in HIV patients on cART are signs of parasympathetic dysfunction ( Lebech et al, 2007 ). On another note, Gupta et al (2022) ( Gupta et al, 2022 ) showed that patients on cART have greater levels of carotid intimal medial thickness and high-sensitivity C reactive protein than cART-naive participants which are major CVD risk factors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct and indirect cardiovascular and cardiometabolic sequelae of the combined anti-retroviral therapy on people living with HIV

Batta

King²,

Cooper³

et al. 2023

Front. Physiol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

With reports of its emergence as far back as the early 1900s, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has become one of the deadliest and most difficult viruses to treat in the era of modern medicine. Although not always effective, HIV treatment has evolved and improved substantially over the past few decades. Despite the major advancements in the efficacy of HIV therapy, there are mounting concerns about the physiological, cardiovascular, and neurological sequelae of current treatments. The objective of this review is to (Blattner et al., Cancer Res., 1985, 45(9 Suppl), 4598s–601s) highlight the different forms of antiretroviral therapy, how they work, and any effects that they may have on the cardiovascular health of patients living with HIV, and to (Mann et al., J Infect Dis, 1992, 165(2), 245–50) explore the new, more common therapeutic combinations currently available and their effects on cardiovascular and neurological health. We executed a computer-based literature search using databases such as PubMed to look for relevant, original articles that were published after 1998 to current year. Articles that had relevance, in any capacity, to the field of HIV therapy and its intersection with cardiovascular and neurological health were included. Amongst currently used classes of HIV therapies, protease inhibitors (PIs) and combined anti-retroviral therapy (cART) were found to have an overall negative effect on the cardiovascular system related to increased cardiac apoptosis, reduced repair mechanisms, block hyperplasia/hypertrophy, decreased ATP production in the heart tissue, increased total cholesterol, low-density lipoproteins, triglycerides, and gross endothelial dysfunction. The review of Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitors (INSTI), Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NRTI), and Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NNRTI) revealed mixed results, in which both positive and negative effects on cardiovascular health were observed. In parallel, studies suggest that autonomic dysfunction caused by these drugs is a frequent and significant occurrence that needs to be closely monitored in all HIV + patients. While still a relatively nascent field, more research on the cardiovascular and neurological implications of HIV therapy is crucial to accurately evaluate patient risk.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%