Effect of APTES- or MPTS-Conditioned Nanozirconia Fillers on Mechanical Properties of Bis-GMA-Based Resin Composites

Abstract

To investigate the effects of 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES)- or (3-mercaptopropyl)trimethoxysilane (MPTS)-conditioned nanozirconia fillers on the mechanical properties of Bis-GMA-based resin composites. The conditioned fillers were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and thermodynamic calculations. They were then used to prepare Bis-GMA-based resin composites, whose flexural strength and elastic modulus were evaluated. The Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assessed the composites’ cytotoxicity. The FTIR spectra of the conditioned fillers showed new absorption bands at 1569 and 1100 cm –1 , indicating successful grafting of APTES or MPTS onto nanozirconia. XPS confirmed the Zr–O–Si bonds in the APTES- or MPTS-conditioned fillers at contents of 2.02 and 6.98%, respectively. Thermodynamic calculations reaffirmed the chemical binding between the two silanes and nanozirconia fillers. Composites containing the conditioned nanozirconia fillers had significantly greater flexural strengths (APTES, 121.02 ± 8.31 MPa; MPTS, 132.80 ± 15.80 MPa; control, 94.84 ± 9.28 MPa) and elastic moduli (8.76 ± 0.52, 9.24 ± 0.60, and 7.44 ± 0.83 GPa, respectively) than a control with untreated fillers. The cytotoxicity assay identified no significant cytotoxicity by composites containing the conditioned fillers. Silanes were previously considered to be unable to chemically condition zirconia to bond with resin. Inclusion of APTES- or MPTS-conditioned nanozirconia fillers can improve the mechanical properties of Bis-GMA-based resin composites without obvious cytotoxicity in this study.

Efficient Photopolymerization of Dental Resin Composites Using the Photoluminescent Long Afterglow of Sr2MgSi2O7:Eu2+,Dy3+

“…Compared with the other two materials, DRCs have excellent mechanical properties, good biocompatibility, and aesthetic appearance, and hence, they gradually occupy a major position in the field of dental restoration. DRCs consist of a viscous bisphenol-A glycidyl dimethacrylate (Bis-GMA), a reactive diluent triethyleneglycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA), and a photoinitiator such as camphorquinone (CQ), which can be photopolymerized using blue light to repair caries. , The use of bulk-filled composite materials is a recent development in dental technology that aims to simplify the process of filling deep cavities. Unlike the layered filling technology, which requires multiple layers of resin to be applied and cured separately, bulk-filled composites can fill 4–5 mm at once, saving time and reducing the risk of gaps and contamination between layers .…”

Glass-Ceramic Fillers Based on Zinc Oxide–Silica Systems for Dental Composite Resins: Effect on Mechanical Properties

“…Revisiting the research conducted in the field of optimizing the properties of dental polymers, there are many interesting reports. In other words, many fillers have been used to improve the properties of dental polymers, some of which are polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofibers [ 2 ], carbon nanotubes modified by silane coupling agents [ 3 ], Ag nanoparticles [ 4 ], quaternary ammonium polyethylenimine nanoparticles (QA-PEI-NPs) [ 5 ], bioactive glass [ 6 ], SiO 2 nanofibers [ 7 ], alumina particles [ 8 ], spherical silica [ 9 ], hydroxyapatite whisker [ 10 ], nano fibrillar silicate [ 11 ], nano-zirconia fillers [ 12 ], electrospun nano-scaled glass fiber [ 13 ], NaF-loaded core–shell PAN–PMMA nanofibers [ 14 ], and APTES- or MPTS-conditioned nanozirconia [ 15 ].…”