Effect of aqua-drugs and chemicals on shrimp health and production in Khulna, Bangladesh

Abstract

Present study was conducted in three different Upazilas viz., Batiaghata, Dacope and Rupsha of Khulna district, Bangladesh from August 2016 to May 2017. Data were collected through personal contact, farms and market survey and discussion with shrimp farmers and drug sellers. Farmers of the research areas used Oxolinic acid, Renamucin, Oxytetracucline, Lime, Salt, Formalin, Eco-solution, Basudin and Timsen to treat the viral, bacterial and fungal diseases. Average recovery of 55-60% and 35-40% were recorded from bacterial and fungal diseases of shrimp respectively, but there was no recovery in case of viral diseases. Shrimps of nontreated ghers were affected by WSSV, Black gill disease, Black spot disease, Zoothumnium and external fouling but almost no disease were observed in aqua drugs-treated ponds. Histological findings showed that shrimp muscles and hepatopancreas in drug treated ponds and ghers had some pathological changes like necrosis, vacuums and hemorrhages which were severe in winter season, whereas, normal structure of muscle and hepatopancreas were observed during summer season. Production of shrimp in the study areas was recorded 6916 Kg/ha in probiotics and aqua-drugs treated ponds, whereas, 543 Kg/ha in non-treated ghers. From the present study it could be concluded that aqua-drugs and chemicals have positive effect on shrimp health and production except some pathological changes in the investigated organgs of shrimp especially during winter season.

A systematic review of fish adulteration and contamination in Bangladesh: A way forward to food safety

“…These antibiotics have been marketed under several brand names and have various active ingredients. Among the different ingredients, three active ingredients (doxycycline, colistine sulphate + vitamin premix + mineral, oxytetracycline HCl 200 mg and oxytetracycline 200 mg) are overused by fish farmers 50 . Farmers indiscriminately add these antibiotics to the supplemental feed to avoid diseases before they even have an issue.…”

“…Among the different ingredients, three active ingredients (doxycycline, colistine sulphate + vitamin premix + mineral, oxytetracycline HCl 200 mg and oxytetracycline 200 mg) are overused by fish farmers. 50 Farmers indiscriminately add these antibiotics to the supplemental feed to avoid diseases before they even have an issue. The majority of studies on the benefits of antibiotics and growth promoters on cultured aquatic animals have focused on reduced mortality or, conversely, higher survival and disease resistance.…”

“…AMR's widespread prevalence is regarded as posing a serious public health danger 49 . Hossain et al 50 and Shamsuzzaman and Biswas 51 found several antibiotic levels exceeding the permissible level in the farm water of hatcheries and shrimp farms. Conversely, Islam et al 52 found that hatcheries were free from antibiotics, while growth promoters were indiscriminately applied in farms by farmers without having appropriate knowledge.…”

Antibiotics usage practices in aquaculture in Bangladesh and their associated factors

“…Besides antibiotics, a wide range of natural and synthetic products, including lime, salt, potassium permanganate, pesticides, fertilizers, and probiotics are used to treat, prevent diseases and improve water quality [ 32 , [40] , [41] , [42] , [43] ]. Our study found that lime, potassium permanganate, and bleaching powder (calcium oxychloride) were commonly used by fish farmers.…”

Antibiotic residues in farmed raised tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) of southwest region of Bangladesh

“…However, some technical barriers to trade, such as international standards and regional technical regulations in the importing countries aimed at protecting consumers from the presence of chemical residues and contaminants in traded aquaculture products associated with intensive farming, may have significant impact on the efforts in these developing countries. Different drugs and chemicals have been widely used to improve the aquaculture production (Hossain et al, 2018). A regrettable fact that, nitrofuran and chloramphenicol occupy an important place as aqua chemicals in the market of Bangladesh and the distribution as well as application of these drugs is most often by unqualified people.…”