Effect of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi, Selenium and Biochar on Photosynthetic Pigments and Antioxidant Enzyme Activity Under Arsenic Stress in Mung Bean (Vigna radiata)

Abstract

Environmental perturbations alter biochemical compounds in food crops. Arsenic (As), a toxic metalloid, is known to affect the cultivation of food crops in many regions of the world; however, the changes in chlorophyll, catalase (CAT), and proline in response to As stress and the role of stress relief substances remain largely unknown in mung bean (Vigna radiate L.). In this study, biochar (BC), arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), and selenium (Se) were applied to soils as stress relief substances (under 30 mg kg-1 As stress), and the effects of BC, AMF, and Se on chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, CAT activity, and proline content were studied in different mung bean genotypes. Under As stress, the chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and total chlorophyll contents in BARI mung 3, BARI mung 5, and BARI mung 8 were found statistically similar. Meanwhile, CAT activity increased in comparison to the control due to the application of BC, AMF, and Se in mung bean crops. However, proline was found significantly lower in AMF, BC, and Se-treated mung bean. This indicates that oxidative stress was potentially minimized in As-stressed mung bean crops due to the application of these stress relief substances. Notably, AMF was relatively effective against As stress in comparison to BC and Se. It is concluded that BC, AMF, and Se are all highly effective in enhancing antioxidant defenses as well as the nutritional quality of mung bean crops under As stress.

Effect of soil amendments on antioxidant activity and photosynthetic pigments in pea crops grown in arsenic contaminated soil

“…Soil amendments with BC, AMF, Se, Si-gel, and S enhanced photosynthetic pigments and antioxidant enzyme activity in pea grown in As soil. The stress induced by As can attenuate antioxidant defense and biomass production in food crops ( Alam et al., 2019a ).…”

“…In background soil (5.058 mg kg −1 ), the concentration of As was increased to 30 mg As kg −1 soil through adding the required amount of sodium arsenate dibasic heptahydrate (Na 2 HAsO 4. 7H 2 O) solution with water ( Alam et al., 2019a ) . BARI Motor1, 2, and 3 pea varieties were collected from the pulse research center in Bangladesh.…”

“…Human beings experienced the formation of ROS, including peroxyl radicals (ROO•), hydrogen peroxide, dimethyl arsenic radical, and dimethyl arsenic peroxyl radical due to As stress in the food chain ( Jomova et al., 2011 ). The critical balance between the formation of ROS and the suppressing activity of different antioxidants is distressed, when pea crops experienced As stress ( Alam et al., 2011 , 2019a ; Gousul et al., 2017 ; Ahammed et al., 2020b ).…”

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, selenium, sulfur, silica-gel and biochar reduce arsenic uptake in plant biomass and improve nutritional quality inPisum sativum

“…For this reason, phytoremediation of As accumulation in edible parts of pea crops using AMF, BC, Se and Si –S are significantly important for the upcoming demand in agriculture all over the world. Furthermore, these As relief substances (AMF, Se, Si, BC and S) reduced oxidative damage and osmotic stress as well as increased biomass growth and nutritional quality in food crops [11,102].…”

“…As well, grain yield (g) and number of pods per plant −1 decreased by 66 and 53%, respectively, over controls [8]. Similarly, As decreased biomass growth in wheat and rice crops as well as reduced antioxidant defense activities [9,10,11].…”