Effect of Aroma on Event-Related Potential in Cognitive Workload

Abstract

We investigated the effect of aroma on the event related potential (ERP) during certain cognitive workload. In this study we regard repeated oddballtask as our cognitive woridoad, while the oddball task itself is used to be considered as the cognitive task for investigating the event related potential under the auditory stimuli. We used the oddball task consisting of three kinds of tones. The oddball task used in this study was consisted of three kinds of auditory stimuli. The auditory oddball operation task was 8 min long and a total of three tasks were conducted twice at 3 min intervals. The latency of P300 during the third task of the oddball operation increased more than that of the first task. The delay of the P300 latency was thought to be related to the mental fatigue induced from the auditory oddball task. The effect of aroma on the mental fatigue induced from the auditory oddball task was studied using the aroma of lavender, rose and lemon. It was found that the delay of the P300 latency was shorter in the presence of aroma (lavender, rose and lemon) than that without the aroma These results would suggest that the presence of an aroma could be effective in reducing mental fatigue induced from the auditory oddball task.

Effect of Odorant Presentation on Changes in Cognitive Interference and Brain Activity during Counting Stroop Task

“…The findings indicated that intermittent odorant presentation enhance relaxation state and thus, reduce cognitive loadings due to Stroop interference that was counting pieces of digits. Previous studies showed cognitive loading was reduced by pleasant odor during word-color Stroop task [3] and oddball task [4]. Former study showed O 2 Hb in left forehead was significantly increased when pleasant odors, lavender and peppermint, were presented.…”

“…Some studies report that, during aromatherapy, patients stir a memory from the past [8,9]. The other studies tested cognitive function of healthy subject reported that aroma presentation enhances cognitive function during cognitive task [3,4]. The studies suggest aroma sensation relieve symptoms of dementia patients.…”

Effects of inhaling essential oils of Citrus limonum L., Santalum album, and Cinnamomum camphora on human brain activity

“…Inhaling essential oils reduces stress (Chamine & Oken, 2016 ; Heuberger et al., 2006 ; Höferl et al., 2016 ; Kim et al., 2011 ; Motomura et al., 2001 ; Shimada et al., 2011 ; Toda & Morimoto, 2008 ), maintains concentration (Ho & Spence, 2005 ; Kaneki et al., 2005 ), and improves sleep (Fismer & Pilkington, 2012 ; Hirokawa et al., 2012 ) and dementia symptoms (Ballard et al., 2002 ; Holt et al., 2003 ; Smallwood et al., 2001 ) in humans. Human cognitive functions, including perception, attention, memory, language, thought, and emotion, collectively facilitate higher‐order processing, including decision making and creativity.…”

Determination of Favorite Wine from Comparison of Wine Aroma Attributes

“…It is well known that aroma stimulating olfactory perception not only reduce psychological stress [6] but also makes people sensed odorant to evoke variant psychological impression [16]. People can determine the food freshness and food qualities, as whether the food is edible or not, from odor thrown out from foods.…”