Effect of artificial aging time on torsional fatigue life and cyclic behavior of AA6351 aluminum alloy and evaluation of estimation methods

Betemps, Maurício Ireno; Haskel, Tatiane; Barbieri, Renato; Verran, Guilherme Ourique

doi:10.1111/ffe.14051

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Therefore, 6xxx-series wall aluminum alloy also adopts the same failure system; (2) A large number of literature references [24][25][26]. Maurício et al [11] studied AA6351 aluminum alloy and found that the fatigue strength of AA6351 aluminum alloy reaches its peak at 170 • C and an aging time of 6 h. Iswanto et al [27] artificially aged A350a aluminum alloy for 2 h at 175 • C and 205 • C, respectively. The results showed that artificial aging treatment at 175 • C can improve the fatigue life and performance of aluminum alloys.…”

Section: Materials Selection and Preparation Process Of Thin-walled P...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, it can be concluded that differences in the properties of the three profiles are independent of second-phase particles. Relevant literature shows that the β ′ ′ phase is the best particle for hindering dislocations in Al-Mg-Si alloys [11,26]. Among the three profiles, the 6xxx-2(1.33Mg/Si) profile has the highest total Mg + Si content.…”

Section: Second-phase Particle Precipitationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Compared to the near-peak-aged state, the number of intragranular strengthening phases are lower for the over-aged and under-aged states, fewer solute atoms are consumed, and the solute atom solubility increases on both sides of the grain A two-by-two comparison of the three profiles reveals that profile 6xxx-2(1.33Mg/Si) has the largest number of β ′′ phases, profile 6xxx-1(1.6Mg/Si) has the next largest number of β ′′ phases, and profile 6xxx-3(1.14Mg/Si) has the lowest number of β ′′ phases. Relevant literature shows that the β ′′ phase is the best particle for hindering dislocations in Al-Mg-Si alloys [11,26]. Among the three profiles, the 6xxx-2(1.33Mg/Si) profile has the highest total Mg + Si content.…”

Section: Second-phase Particle Precipitationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Due to the addition of different alloying elements to aluminum, the resulting aluminum alloys have different properties and microstructures, and different series of aluminum alloys are applied to different parts of the vehicle according to requirements [7][8][9]. Thin-walled material profiles have excellent energy-absorbing properties due to their ability to undergo stable axial deformation; such profiles are often used as safety components in automobiles, such as crash beams, crash boxes, and longitudinal crash beams, and these components are often made of 6xxx-series aluminum alloys [10,11]. As crash-resistant components of automobiles, aluminum alloy thin-walled components' crashworthiness is critical to the safe operation of automobiles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Material Properties and Structure of Al-Mg-Si Alloy Thin-Walled Profiles with Different Alloy Compositions and Aging Processes

Guo,

Li,

Tan

2024

Applied Sciences

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Thin-walled Al-Mg-Si alloy profiles with different compositions and aging states were prepared using the heating and extrusion process. The properties and structure of the profiles were then investigated using a metallographic microscope, scanning electron microscope, projection electron microscope, and universal testing machine. The results show that the yield strength and tensile strength of the profile increases with the increase in total Mg + Si content, and ductility is reduced. If the total Mg + Si content is too high or too low, the crush performance of the material would decrease. Compared with the under-aged and near-peak-aged states, the three types of AI-Mg-Si alloy thin-walled profiles at the over-aged state have better effective energy absorption during crushing and higher bending angle; however, the tensile strength of the profile is optimal at the near-peak-aged state. The effects of alloy composition and aging process on material strength and crushing energy absorption are mainly attributed to the grain structure and differences in precipitation. For coarse grain structures, the grain boundary precipitate free zones are wider, which decreases the profile ductility. Simultaneously, an increase in primary strengthening phases in the grains would increase the profile strength.

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Section: Materials Selection and Preparation Process Of Thin-walled P...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Second-phase Particle Precipitationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Second-phase Particle Precipitationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Material Properties and Structure of Al-Mg-Si Alloy Thin-Walled Profiles with Different Alloy Compositions and Aging Processes

Guo,

Li,

Tan

2024

Applied Sciences

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“…After the metal sheets are joined, multiple cycles (usually two to three) of heat treatment at nearly 200 • C are generally required for electrodeposition paint coating. This process, so called 'paint baking', introduces elevated temperatures similar to those used for the artificial aging of aluminum [8,9]. Therefore, the paint baking (PB) cycles can generate differences in the properties of the alloys from the as-received and welded mechanical properties of aluminum.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Paint Baking Heat Treatments on Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of Resistance Spot-Welded A5022-O and A6014-T4 Alloys

Park,

Han,

Park

et al. 2023

Metals

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This study presents information on the behavior of paint baking (PB) after resistance spot welding of the 5- and 6xxx series aluminum alloys. The weld parameters are optimized, and the weld specimens are baked three times for 20 min at 180 °C to simulate the heat treatments required for paint baking. The mechanical properties of the samples were characterized by using the lap shear test, micro/nanoindentation hardness, and fatigue test. As the mechanical properties of the weld are affected by the characteristics of the heat-affected zone and those of the fusion zone, the microstructure of the cross-sections was also analyzed through optical and electron microscopy. The investigation of the 6xxx series welds showed that the post-processing heat treatment decreased both the strength and the toughness of the weld, which resulted from the reduced hardness of the microstructure. Additionally, the lap shear test indicated that the failure mode for the 6xxx series changed from nugget failure to partial nugget failure after the paint baking process. However, the mechanical properties of the 5xxx welds were not affected as much as the 6xxx series during baking heat treatment. The fatigue test for the 6xxx series showed a different tendency from the lap shear test. Its fatigue properties improved due to an increased elastic modulus after the heat treatment.

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The Effect of Four Types of Heat Treatment on the Mechanical Properties of Al 6351 Alloy

Rajesh,

Abdur Rahman,

Jeavudeen

2024

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

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The present research focuses on examining the alterations in the microstructural characteristics and mechanical properties of Al 6351 alloy as a result of various thermal treatments. Four distinct processes were analyzed: solution treatment followed by quenching and aging (T6), retrogression and re-aging (RRA), high-temperature pre precipitation (HTPP), and a modified version of RRA involving interrupted aging. The T6 treatment produced the finest dispersion of precipitates, achieving maximum ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of 320 MPa and yield strength (YS) of 270 MPa; however, it decreased ductility to 12% due to limited dislocation movement caused by the precipitates, which were shown to become immobilized at high concentrations. The RRA treatment exhibited a slight improvement in yield strength, resulting in UTS and YS of 290 MPa and 10% elongation, respectively, as a consequence of a finer and more uniform precipitate distribution after re-aging. HTPP, on the other hand, demonstrated a reduction in strength compared to T6, with UTS and YS at 310 MPa and 260 MPa, respectively, attributed to precipitate coarsening occurring during pre-aging at elevated temperatures. The increasing ductility trend of 13% was associated with initial GP zone size. The modified RRA process yielded the highest strength levels, reaching UTS of 350 MPa, YS of 300 MPa, and an enhanced toughness reflected in improved impact energy of 20 J, likely due to the denser alignment of precipitates; however, it showed slightly lower elongation of 11% than T6 or RRA. The tensile fracture behavior was elucidated through FESEM-based fractography analysis, which revealed cracks propagating uniformly along the length. The results of this investigation highlight the necessity of precisely controlling heat treatment parameters to achieve specific mechanical properties in Al 6351. This research provides valuable insights into managing strength, ductility, and toughness via solid solution grain size distribution and the density of Mg2Si precipitates, which is beneficial for selecting appropriate heat treatments across various industries.

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Effect of artificial aging time on torsional fatigue life and cyclic behavior of AA6351 aluminum alloy and evaluation of estimation methods

Cited by 4 publications

References 53 publications

Material Properties and Structure of Al-Mg-Si Alloy Thin-Walled Profiles with Different Alloy Compositions and Aging Processes

Material Properties and Structure of Al-Mg-Si Alloy Thin-Walled Profiles with Different Alloy Compositions and Aging Processes

Effects of Paint Baking Heat Treatments on Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of Resistance Spot-Welded A5022-O and A6014-T4 Alloys

The Effect of Four Types of Heat Treatment on the Mechanical Properties of Al 6351 Alloy

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