Effect of artificial surveillance cues on reported moral judgment: Experimental failures to replicate and two meta-analyses

Northover, Stefanie B.; Pedersen, William C.; Cohen, Adam B.; Andrews, Paul W.

doi:10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2016.12.003

Cited by 24 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…To this end, Northover et al (2017a) conducted two meta-analyses on the effects of surveillance cues on generosity and found no significant effect, warranting skepticism on surveillance cues and generosity. Northover et al (2017b) also reported two meta-analyses on the effects of surveillance cues on moral judgment, which is self-reported possession of positive traits or religiosity. One meta-analysis showed insignificant effect, while the other produced a mean effect size on the edge of significance.…”

Section: The Watching-eyes Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tussyadiah

Miller

2019

Annals of Tourism Research

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Section: The Watching-eyes Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tussyadiah

Miller

2019

Annals of Tourism Research

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“…Then, we showed that eyes with different expressions in uenced the extent to which stereotypical statements are uttered. Therefore, The lack of a difference between neutral eyes and ower images could mean that studies which did not replicate the WEE should test whether other eye expressions also elicit the WEE in their paradigms [5][6][7][8][9]11]. We then showed that the eyes from angry old men and young happy eyes across both sexes increased the extent to utter stereotypical statements.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Many studies failed to replicate the WEE [5][6][7][8][9]11]. It is possible that these studies encountered di culties in replicating the WEE because the features of the eye images were not thoroughly investigated.…”

Section: Known Features That In Uence the Watching Eyes Effect And Th...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Revisiting the Watching eyes effect: how emotional expressions, sex, and age of watching eyes influence the extent one would make stereotypical statements

Lau¹,

Sauter²,

Bulut³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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The watching eyes effect influences people to behave more prosocially or less antisocially. It is currently unknown how the eyes themselves induce this effect. To fill this gap, we varied emotional expressions (angry, fear, happy, neutral), age (old, young), and sex (male, female) of the watching eyes to investigate which characteristics influence antisocial behavior. Participants rated the extent to which they would utter 36 stereotypical statements about race, gender, and religion topics. Each statement was presented together with one pair of eyes selected at random. Approval of stereotype statements with neutral eyes did not differ from control flower pictures. However, age, sex, and emotional expressions of the watching eyes influenced the extent to which participants would utter the statements: angry old male eyes increased stereotypical statements, as did happy young eyes (males and females). Fearful eyes decreased the extent to utter stereotypical statements, except for old female eyes. Our data suggest that studies presenting eyes that appear neutral may be a reason why replication of this effect was unsuccessful. Furthermore, the typical stylized eyes used in many watching eyes experiments could be interpreted as angry old male eyes to elicit changes in participants’ behaviors, like making donations or rating scales. We recommend further research to examine how necessary it is to look at the characteristics of watching eyes to better understand the mechanisms underlying this effect. Taken together, our findings show that the watching eyes effect on the extent to utter stereotypical statements may be better replicated with angry old male eyes or young happy eyes.

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“…Two professional social psychologists (the second and third authors) participated in the data annotation process. The annotators have demonstrated extensive expertise and published journal articles related to culture and morality [8,25,31]. We utilized a double annotation strategy [13].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Learning to Adapt Domain Shifts of Moral Values via Instance Weighting

Huang,

Wormley,

Cohen

2022

Preprint

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Classifying moral values in user-generated text from social media is critical in understanding community cultures and interpreting user behaviors of social movements. Moral values and language usage can change across the social movements; however, text classifiers are usually trained in source domains of existing social movements and tested in target domains of new social issues without considering the variations. In this study, we examine domain shifts of moral values and language usage, quantify the effects of domain shifts on the morality classification task, and propose a neural adaptation framework via instance weighting to improve cross-domain classification tasks. The quantification analysis suggests a strong correlation between morality shifts, language usage, and classification performance.We evaluate the neural adaptation framework on a public Twitter data across 7 social movements and gain classification improvements up to 12.1%. Finally, we release a new data of the COVID-19 vaccine labeled with moral values and evaluate our approach on the new target domain. For the case study of the COVID-19 vaccine, our adaptation framework achieves up to 5.26% improvements over neural baselines. This is the first study to quantify impacts of moral shifts, propose adaptive framework to model the shifts, and conduct a case study to model COVID-19 vaccine-related behaviors from moral values. CCS Concepts: • Computing methodologies → Natural language processing; • Social and professional topics → Cultural characteristics.

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Effect of artificial surveillance cues on reported moral judgment: Experimental failures to replicate and two meta-analyses

Cited by 24 publications

References 35 publications

Nudged by a robot: Responses to agency and feedback

Nudged by a robot: Responses to agency and feedback

Revisiting the Watching eyes effect: how emotional expressions, sex, and age of watching eyes influence the extent one would make stereotypical statements

Learning to Adapt Domain Shifts of Moral Values via Instance Weighting

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