Effect of Astaxanthin in Combination with .ALPHA.-Tocopherol or Ascorbic Acid against Oxidative Damage in Diabetic ODS Rats

Abstract

SummaryThe present study was performed to investigate the effect of astaxanthin in combination with other antioxidants against oxidative damage in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic Osteogenic Disorder Shionogi (ODS) rats. Diabetic-ODS rats were divided into five groups: control, astaxanthin, ascorbic acid, ␣ -tocopherol, and tocotrienol. Each of the four experimental groups was administered a diet containing astaxanthin (0.1 g/kg), in combination with ascorbic acid (3.0 g/kg), ␣ -tocopherol (0.1 g/kg), or tocotrienol (0.1 g/ kg) for 20 wk. The effects of astaxanthin with other antioxidants on lipid peroxidation, urinary 8-hydroxy-2 ′ -deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) excretion, serum creatinine (Cr) level, creatinine clearance (Ccr), and urinary protein content were assessed. The serum lipid peroxide levels and chemiluminescent (CL) intensity in the liver of the ␣ -tocopherol and tocotrienol groups were significantly reduced in comparison to that of the control group. In the ␣ -tocopherol group, urinary 8-OHdG excretion, serum Cr level, Ccr, urinary albumin excretion, and urinary protein concentration were significantly decreased as compared with those in the control group. Additionally, the CL intensity in the kidney of the ␣ -tocopherol group was significantly lower, but that of the ascorbic acid group was significantly higher than that in the control group. These results indicate that dietary astaxanthin in combination with ␣ -tocopherol has an inhibitory effect on oxidative stress. On the other hand, our study suggests that excessive ascorbic acid intake increases lipid peroxidation in diabetic rats.

Potential health‐promoting effects of astaxanthin: A high‐value carotenoid mostly from microalgae

“…On the contrary, a high dose of ascorbic acid intake was found to increase lipid peroxidation in diabetic rats [63]. Nishigaki et al [31] recently found that astaxanthin could inhibit the nonenzymatic glycation and glycated protein/iron chelate-induced cytotoxicity in human umbilical-vein endothelial cells by preventing lipid and protein oxidation and increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes in vitro.…”

“…Nakano et al [63] compared the effect of astaxanthin in combination with other antioxidants such as ascorbic acid and a-tocopherol against oxidative damage in streptozotocininduced diabetic rats, and indicated that astaxanthin in combination with a-tocopherol could ameliorate oxidative injury through the suppression of oxidative stress induced by diabetes. On the contrary, a high dose of ascorbic acid intake was found to increase lipid peroxidation in diabetic rats [63].…”

Carotenoids in the treatment of diabetes mellitus and its complications: A mechanistic review

“…All of these changes were reversed by the administration of astaxanthin for 12 weeks [80]. In agreement, a combination of astaxanthin and a-tocopherol in the treatment of hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress was reported to have significant protective effects on the renal tissue [81]. Considering the hypoglycemic effect of astaxanthin, it can be suggested as a promising natural therapeutic agent in the treatment of DM and its complications.…”

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“…On the contrary, a high dose of ascorbic acid intake was found to increase lipid peroxidation in diabetic rats 51 . Nishigaki et al 52 recently found that astaxanthin could inhibit the nonenzymatic glycation and glycated protein/iron chelate-induced cytotoxicity in human umbilical-vein endothelial cells by preventing lipid and protein oxidation and increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes in vitro.…”

“…The results showed that astaxanthin could be a good adjuvant in prophylaxis or recovery of lymphocyte dysfunctions associated with diabetic patients, especially when focusing on the reestablishment of the redox balance and a hypothetical antiapoptotic effect in lymphocytes 50 . Nakano et al 51 compared the effect of astaxanthin in combination with other antioxidants such as ascorbic acid and atocopherol against oxidative damage in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats, and indicated that astaxanthin in combination with a-tocopherol could ameliorate oxidative injury through the suppression of oxidative ISSN: 0975-8232…”