Effect of atmospheric absorption on millimetre wave frequencies for 5G cellular networks

Banday, Yusra; Rather, Ghulam Mohammad; Begh, Gh. Rasool

doi:10.1049/iet-com.2018.5044

Cited by 35 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The atmospheric attenuation depends on the operating frequency. The atmospheric oxygen absorption is especially severe at 60 GHz and 120 GHz, and the water vapor absorption is particularly very high at 180 GHz [31]. Also, rain attenuation at mmWave frequencies is much greater than that of sub-6 GHz frequencies [32].…”

Section: A Propagation Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Channel Estimation Techniques for Millimeter-Wave Communication Systems: Achievements and Challenges

Hassan

Masarra

Zwingelstein

et al. 2020

IEEE Open J. Commun. Soc.

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The fifth-generation (5G) of cellular networks and beyond requires massive connectivity, high data rates, and low latency. Millimeter-wave (mmWave) communications is a key 5G enabling technology to meet these requirements thanks to its technical potentials that can be integrated with other 5G enablers such as ultra-dense networks (UDNs) and massive multiple-input-multiple-output (massive MIMO) systems. However, some technical challenges, which are mainly related to specific characteristics of mmWave propagation, must be addressed. All the aforementioned points will be discussed in this paper before presenting the different existing architectures of massive MIMO mmWave systems. This survey mainly aims at presenting a comprehensive state-of-the-art review of the channel estimation techniques associated with the different mmWave system architectures. Subsequently, we will provide a comparison among existing solutions in terms of their respective benefits and shortcomings. Finally, some open directions of research are discussed, and challenges that wait to be met are pointed out.

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Section: A Propagation Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Channel Estimation Techniques for Millimeter-Wave Communication Systems: Achievements and Challenges

Hassan

Masarra

Zwingelstein

et al. 2020

IEEE Open J. Commun. Soc.

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“…The atmospheric attenuation is primarily caused by the vibrating attribute of atmospheric molecules when they interact with mmWave propagation. More precisely, these molecules can absorb a certain portion of signal energy of mmWave propagation and vibrate with a strength proportional to signal frequency [70], [101], [102]. The atmospheric effect below 10 GHz is relatively low and can be also measured by using the Friis transmission equation [103], however atmospheric attenuation for mmWave frequencies and higher increases significantly, specially at certain frequencies.…”

Section: B: Atmospheric Attenuationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, the rainfall causes additional attenuation due to the scattering and absorption of electromagnetic waves by rain particles. Theoretically, rain attenuation has a bearing on raindrop shape, raindrop size distribution, rain rate, signal polarization and frequency, etc [102], [104], [105]. The impact of rainfall intensity on rain attenuation per kilometer at sea level under the varying frequencies between 1 GHz and 350 GHz is further shown in Fig.…”

Section: B: Atmospheric Attenuationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Survey on 5G Millimeter Wave Communications for UAV-Assisted Wireless Networks

et al. 2019

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In recent years, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have received considerable attention from regulators, industry and research community, due to rapid growth in a broad range of applications. Particularly, UAVs are being used to provide a promising solution to reliable and cost-effective wireless communications from the sky. The deployment of UAVs has been regarded as an alternative complement of existing cellular systems, to achieve higher transmission efficiency with enhanced coverage and capacity. However, heavily utilized microwave spectrum bands below 6 GHz utilized by legacy wireless systems are insufficient to attain remarkable data rate enhancement for numerous emerging applications. To resolve the spectrum crunch crisis and satisfy the requirements of 5G and beyond mobile communications, one potential solution is to use the abundance of unoccupied bandwidth available at millimeter wave (mmWave) frequencies. Inspired by the technique potentials, mmWave communications have also paved the way into the widespread use of UAVs to assist wireless networks for future 5G and beyond wireless applications. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive survey on current achievements in the integration of 5G mmWave communications into UAV-assisted wireless networks. More precisely, a taxonomy to classify the existing research issues is presented, by considering seven cutting-edge solutions. Subsequently, we provide a brief overview of 5G mmWave communications for UAV-assisted wireless networks from two aspects, i.e., key technical advantages and challenges as well as potential applications. Based on the proposed taxonomy, we further discuss in detail the state-of-the-art issues, solutions, and open challenges for this newly emerging area. Lastly, we complete this survey by pointing out open issues and shedding new light on future directions for further research on this area. INDEX TERMSMillimeter wave (mmWave) communications, unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), mmWave UAV communications, UAV-assisted wireless networks, 5G and beyond.HAITAO XU received the B.E. degree in communication engineering from Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China, in 2007, the M.E. degree in communication system and signal processing from the University of Bristol, U.K., in 2009, and the Ph.D. degree in communication and information systems from the

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“…Millimeter wave technology is capable of operating between important frequencies, such as 24 and 60 GHz [32,79]. Equally, other variable bandwidths that can exceed the 100 GHz limit have been considered as candidate frequencies for the next generation [80].…”

Section: High Frequencies: (Above 6 Ghz)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, the main drawback of the enormous growth of using mmWave for NR application is the decrease in signal power due to molecular absorption. In [79], an in-depth study of the effect of atmospheric conditions on the propagation of mmWave frequencies, supposed to be more used in 5G WCNs, was presented. Particular attention has been paid to the factors of rain, diffraction, air pollutants and foliage and the losses generated on the frequencies centered on 28, 30 and 60 GHz.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Development Level and Technical Contribution of Recent Technologies Adopted to Meet the Challenges of 5G Wireless Cellular Networks

Albadran

2021

Symmetry

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The evolution of the global wireless market is accompanied by an increased need in terms of speed and number of users, lower latency, better coverage, better spectral efficiency and quality of service, etc. To meet these needs, 5G has recently been introduced as an effective solution which targets, via the large scale deployment of symmetric antennas, a wide variety of sectors such as energy, health, media, industry, transport and especially wireless cellular networks which are among the most important pillars of modern societies. Multiple Input, Multiple Output (MIMO) systems, which have been extended to “Massive MIMO” mode and which consist of increasing the number of radiating elements involved in the transmission and reception of the radio link, are a very promising solution for improving the spectral efficiency of wireless communication systems (WCSs). Motivated by the aforementioned developments, the present paper investigates the increased capacity of MIMO systems to improve transmission in WCSs using 5G. It carefully focuses on the evaluation of the development level and technical contribution of MIMO systems and millimeter wave (mmWave) bands in 5G wireless cellular networks (WCNs) and gives important recommendations.

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Effect of atmospheric absorption on millimetre wave frequencies for 5G cellular networks

Cited by 35 publications

References 14 publications

Channel Estimation Techniques for Millimeter-Wave Communication Systems: Achievements and Challenges

Channel Estimation Techniques for Millimeter-Wave Communication Systems: Achievements and Challenges

A Survey on 5G Millimeter Wave Communications for UAV-Assisted Wireless Networks

Evaluation of Development Level and Technical Contribution of Recent Technologies Adopted to Meet the Challenges of 5G Wireless Cellular Networks

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