Effect of Atrial Fibrillation on Outcome in Patients With Known or Suspected Coronary Artery Disease Referred for Exercise Stress Testing

Atrial fibrillation and risks of cardiovascular disease, renal disease, and death: systematic review and meta-analysis

“…2 7-10 Individual studies, however, have provided conflicting estimates of the strength of the association between atrial fibrillation and a range of cardiovascular diseases and have not agreed on whether there are relevant associations at all, possibly because of the small sample sizes examined. [11][12][13][14] Pooling all available evidence could allow for the determination of robust estimates of any associations that could inform outcome selection in future randomised controlled trials and guide public health efforts to reduce the incidence of associated cardiovascular disease.…”

Atrial fibrillation as a prognostic indicator of myocardial infarction and cardiovascular death: a systematic review and meta-analysis

“…Adjusted data regarding MI were described in seven studies 3, 16, 35, 45, 49, 51, 56 . All studies had a sufficient degree of adjustment (+++).…”

“…Data assessing the use of antithrombotic agents, AF type (paroxysmal, persistent, or chronic), and CHADS2 score were not collected in several large population-based cohorts 8, 33–36 . Meanwhile, inherent recall bias and selection bias were associated with retrospective cohorts 38, 45, 49 . Most studies did not collect information on continuous ECG recordings 49 .…”

Heart Rate Range and All‐Cause Mortality in Older Adults

“…Individuals with atrial fibrillation were included in that study but not in the current study. Excluding those individuals may be appropriate because atrial fibrillation may be associated with wider HRR and worse prognosis, potentially attenuating the apparent association between HRR and mortality observed in individuals in normal sinus rhythm in the current study.…”