Effect of Audible Sound on Protein Crystallization

Zhang, Chenyan; Wang, Yan; Schubert, Robin; Liu, Yue; Wang, Meng-Yin; Chen, Da; Guo, Yang; Chen, Dong; Lu, Hui‐Meng; Liu, Yongming; Wu, Zi-Qing; Betzel, Christian; Yin, Da‐Chuan

doi:10.1021/acs.cgd.5b01268

Cited by 17 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…duration between achievement of supersaturation and appearance of detectable crystals). Recently, pioneering work provided evidence of the possibilities of inducing sonocrystallization on macromolecules including proteins 18–20 and conjugated polymers. 21–23 It was reported that poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) polymers chains can assemble into nanofibers that are micrometers long under ultrasound in chloroform or toluene.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sonocrystallization of conjugated polymers with ultrasound fields

Newbloom

et al. 2018

Soft Matter

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Ultrasound acoustic waves are demonstrated to assemble poly-3-hexylthiophene (P3HT) chains into nanofibers after they are fully dissolved in what are commonly considered to be 'good' solvents. In the absence of ultrasound, the polymer remains fully dissolved and does not self-assemble for weeks. UV-vis spectroscopy, ultra-small angle X-ray scattering (USAXS) and small angle neutron scattering (SANS) are used to characterize the induced assembly process and to quantify the fraction of polymer that forms nanofibers. It is determined that the solvent type, insonation time, and aging periods are all important factors affecting the structure and final concentration of fibers. The effect of changing polymer regio-regularity, alkyl chain length, and side chain to thiophene ratio are also explored. High intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) fields of variable intensity are utilized to reveal the physical mechanisms leading to nanofiber formation, which is strongly correlated to cavitation events in the solvent. This in situ HIFU cell, which is designed for simultaneous scattering analysis, is also used to probe for structural changes occurring over multiple length scales using USAXS and SANS. The proposed acoustic assembly mechanism suggests that, even when dispersed in 'good' solvents such as bromobenzene, dichlorobenzene and chloroform, P3HT chains are still not in a thermodynamically stable state. Instead, they are stabilized by local energy barriers that slow down and effectively prevent crystallization. Ultrasound fields are found to provide enough mechanical energy to overcome these barriers, triggering the formation of small crystalline nuclei that subsequently seed the growth of larger nanofibers.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sonocrystallization of conjugated polymers with ultrasound fields

Newbloom

et al. 2018

Soft Matter

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“…Therefore, three kinds of DNA with different molecular weights were used for comparison which were calf DNA (~9900 kDa), salmon DNA (~660 kDa), and herring DNA (~66 kDa). Lysozyme was chosen as a model protein due to its accessibility and abundance and has been widely used in previous studies [36][37][38]. In a typical experiment, lysozyme was dissolved in protein buffer (0.05 M NaAc, pH 4.6) to obtain lysozyme solution while DNA solutions can be prepared by dissolving three kinds of DNA into lysozyme precipitant buffer (1.0 M NaCl, 0.05 M NaAc, pH 4.6).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancement of Lysozyme Crystallization Using DNA as a Polymeric Additive

et al. 2019

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This study reports the first experimental evidence of using DNA as a polymeric additive to enhance protein crystallization. Using three kinds of DNA with different molecular weights—calf DNA, salmon DNA, and herring DNA—this study showed an improvement in the success rate of lysozyme crystallization, as compared to control experiments, especially at low lysozyme concentration. The improvement of crystallization is particularly significant in the presence of calf DNA with the highest molecular weight. Calf DNA also speeds up the induction time of lysozyme crystallization and increases the number of crystals per drop. We hypothesized the effect of DNA on protein crystallization may be due to the combination of excluded volume effect, change of water’s surface tension, and the water competition effect. This work confirms predications of the potential use of DNA as a polymeric additive to enhance protein crystallization, potentially applied to systems with limited protein available or difficult to crystallize.

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“…Vibration is known to affect crystallization as a mechanical stimulus promoting nucleation. Although sound has been shown to improve the crystallization of proteins (Zhang et al, 2016), no scientific literature on sonic effects on the crystallization of inorganic compounds was found. Previous experiments on pure water droplets stimulated by acoustic 432 Hz using the Gas Discharge Visualization Camera (high voltage electrophotography) showed a significant increase in the size of the corona discharge (Rubik, unpublished data), which suggests a possible change in water structure (Korotkov and Orlov, 2010) from this stimulus.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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2021

WATER

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How does chiral symmetry breaking occur such that biomolecules have a distinct handedness that is essential for life? The purpose of this study is to test whether certain subtle external stimuli influence chiral symmetry breaking using a model system of sodium chlorate crystallization from aqueous solutions. In 28 controlled experiments, aliquots of a stock solution of sodium chlorate (NaClO 3 ) were transferred to crystallization dishes and incubated 24-30 hours. Crystals formed slowly by evaporation under isothermal conditions. Controls were left untreated while test solutions were exposed to the following subtle external stimuli: (1) a dynamic magnetic field;(2) 432 Hz sine wave acoustic field; (3) Amezcua BioDisc-3, a purported water structurizer; (4) Purple Plate, a subtle energy product; and a (5) wooden pyramidal structure. In addition, several experiments were performed with solutions using Vivo ® structured water, a commercial product. The number and chirality of crystals from all experiments were analyzed using polarimetry to distinguish d-crystals from l-crystals. Data was pooled for each exposure condition. While controls yielded no significant difference in the percentage of d-crystals and l-crystals, a significantly larger percentage of d-crystals were found for test conditions (2) 67% (p=0.049); (3) 81% (p=0.034); and (4) 64.9% (p=0.003). Test conditions (1), (5), and Vivo ® aqueous solutions produced insignificant differences. This study demonstrates that aqueous solutions are open systems that may be impacted by certain subtle external stimuli that influence solute crystallization and chiral asymmetry.

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Effect of Audible Sound on Protein Crystallization

Cited by 17 publications

References 48 publications

Sonocrystallization of conjugated polymers with ultrasound fields

Sonocrystallization of conjugated polymers with ultrasound fields

Enhancement of Lysozyme Crystallization Using DNA as a Polymeric Additive

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