Effect of auriculopalpebral nerve block on Schirmer tear test I values in normal horses

Visser, Hannah E.; Diehl, Kathryn A.; Whitley, R. David; Myrna, Kathern E.

doi:10.1111/vop.12419

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Despite the difference among the species, this result is also similar to the one found by Honsho et al (2014), who observed that ropivacaine 0.75% showed a greater and more lasting tear production reduction when compared to bupivacaine, when used in retrobulbar block in humans. However, in a study by Visser et al (2017) evaluating tear production after auriculopalpebral nerve block with lidocaine 2% in horses, increased values were observed in the Schirmer tear test, although not significant.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Effects of auriculopalpebral nerve block on ocular parameters in dogs

et al. 2021

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The objective of this study was to compare the effects of two local anesthetics used on auriculopalpebral block on eyelid akinesia, tear production, intraocular pressure (IOP) and tear break-up time (TBUT) in conscious dogs. A blind, randomized, prospective study was conducted to determine the effects of auriculopalpebral block using ropivacaine 0.75% and bupivacaine 0.5% in 12 healthy non-brachycephalic dogs (24 eyes). Threat response and eyelid reflex tests, Schirmer tear test (STT), IOP and tear break-up time were conducted before blockage and at 30, 60, 120, 240 and 360 minutes after application. A difference was observed between the values found at 30, 60, 120 and 240 minutes compared to baseline for threat response and eyelid reflex tests in the two groups evaluated, proving eyelid akinesia after blockages. No difference was found for STT, IOP and TBUT between baseline values and post-anesthesia times or between groups. It was possible to conclude that ropivacaine and bupivacaine on auriculopalpebral block in conscious dogs promoted eyelid akinesia for at least 240 minutes, not altering ocular physiological parameters of tear production, intraocular pressure, and tear break-up time after blockages.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Effects of auriculopalpebral nerve block on ocular parameters in dogs

et al. 2021

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“…In this study Hannah Visser and colleagues in the USA compared Schirmer tear test I (STTI) values collected in normal horses with and without an auriculopalpebral nerve block .…”

Section: Auriculopalpebral Nerve Blocksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Highlights of recent clinically relevant papers

Wright¹

2018

Equine Veterinary Education

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In recent studies on horses and ponies with gastrointestinal disease blood L-lactate and glucose concentrations were higher in ponies than in horses, possibly because of differences in body condition (BC). In this study, Bettina Dunkel and colleagues in the UK investigated the correlation between L-lactate and glucose concentrations and BC score in healthy horses and ponies.Breed, weight, height, and subjective and objective measures of BC were recorded for systemically healthy clientowned ponies (n = 101) and horses (n = 51) and L-lactate and glucose concentrations were measured. The association between L-lactate concentrations, equid type (pony or horse), BC, age, and glucose concentrations was investigated using a multivariable model.Weak but significant negative correlations were detected between L-lactate concentration and average BC score, heart girth:height ratio, and age. Glucose concentrations were significantly positively correlated with neck length:heart girth ratio and heart girth:height ratio. L-lactate and glucose concentrations were weakly correlated. In the final multivariable model, age and heart girth:height ratio were significantly associated with the natural logarithm of L-lactate concentration, representing a 2% decrease in L-lactate concentration per year increase in age and 10% decrease in L-lactate concentration per 0.06 unit increase in heart girth:height ratio.These results indicate that age and BC significantly influence L-lactate concentrations in healthy horses and ponies.

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“…Altering eyelid function may impact measured ocular parameters, and the effect of AP nerve block on equine Schirmer tear test I has recently been investigated . Similarly, it is postulated that reduction of eyelid muscle tone and resistance could lower measured IOP in animals with eyelid motor nerve blocks .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Altering eyelid function may impact measured ocular parameters, and the effect of AP nerve block on equine Schirmer tear test I has recently been investigated. 24 Similarly, it is postulated that reduction of eyelid muscle tone and resistance could lower measured IOP in animals with eyelid motor nerve blocks. 1,2,5,18 Specifically, AP nerve blocks ' impact on equine tonometry as measured with applanation tonometry (Tono-Pen ® ) has been assessed for this consideration and was found to have no significant effect.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of auriculopalpebral nerve block on equine intraocular pressure measured by rebound tonometry (TonoVet^®)

Diehl

Bowden

2020

Veterinary Ophthalmology

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Objective To assess rebound tonometry intraocular pressure (IOP) in unsedated horses without and with auriculopalpebral (AP) nerve blocks. Animals Studied Twenty‐two client‐ and twenty university‐owned horses (84 total eyes) with unremarkable ophthalmic examinations were evaluated. Procedure One eye of each horse was chosen randomly, an AP block performed for that eye, and IOP measured in both eyes with a TonoVet®. The process was repeated for the contralateral eye 72 hours later under the same conditions as the initial measurements. Horses were unsedated for nerve blocks and tonometry. Linear mixed‐effects models were used for comparisons with statistical significance threshold of 0.05. Results Overall, blocked eyes had an 0.8 mm Hg lower average IOP than unblocked eyes (P = .039). IOP for client‐owned horses was on average 3.2 mm Hg lower than in UGA‐owned horses (P = .025) and was more impacted by AP block (1.4 mm Hg lower average in client‐owned blocked versus unblocked eyes (P = .006)). Block effectiveness was ranked on a subjective scale (“good”, “poor”, no block/control), and IOP was on average lower in eyes with a good block (P = .008). Conclusion Although there were statistically significant differences in IOP between blocked and unblocked eyes, between client‐ and UGA‐owned horses, and between eyes with good and poor AP blocks, these differences were not clinically significant. Thus, AP blocks remain a useful tool for evaluating equine ophthalmic health with minimal impact on IOP assessment.

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Effect of auriculopalpebral nerve block on Schirmer tear test I values in normal horses

Abstract: There was no effect of auriculopalpebral nerve block on STT I values in normal horses.

Cited by 10 publications

References 12 publications

Effects of auriculopalpebral nerve block on ocular parameters in dogs

Effects of auriculopalpebral nerve block on ocular parameters in dogs

Highlights of recent clinically relevant papers

Effect of auriculopalpebral nerve block on equine intraocular pressure measured by rebound tonometry (TonoVet^®)

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Effect of auriculopalpebral nerve block on Schirmer tear test I values in normal horses

Abstract: There was no effect of auriculopalpebral nerve block on STT I values in normal horses.

Cited by 10 publications

References 12 publications

Effects of auriculopalpebral nerve block on ocular parameters in dogs

Effects of auriculopalpebral nerve block on ocular parameters in dogs

Highlights of recent clinically relevant papers

Effect of auriculopalpebral nerve block on equine intraocular pressure measured by rebound tonometry (TonoVet®)

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Effect of auriculopalpebral nerve block on equine intraocular pressure measured by rebound tonometry (TonoVet^®)