Effect of azelastine on substance P content in bronchoalveolar and nasal lavage fluids of patients with allergic asthma

Nieber, K; Baumgarten, C; Rathsack, R; Furkert, Jens; Laake, E.; St, Müller; Kunkel, G.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1993.tb02486.x

Cited by 49 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 11 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…These results suggest that in chronic bronchitis, kinin generation may be mainly due to t-Kal. Studying the BALF of asthma patients, CHRISTIANSEN et al [33] found the highest kininogenase activity in small molecules after gel filtration chromatography (20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34). This kininogenase profile appears similar to the profile we found in patients with chronic bronchitis.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

“…One hundred millilitres of 0.9% NaCl solution were instilled in 20 mL fractions and immediately removed [24]. Ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid (EDTA) was added in a concentration of 0.01 M. BAL samples were centrifuged at 2000×g for 10 min, the pellets were discarded and the supernatants were immediately frozen and stored at -70°C until further use.…”

Section: Bronchoalveolar Lavagementioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Kinin generation in acute pneumonia and chronic bronchitis

Zhang¹,

Peng²,

Niehus³

et al. 1997

Eur Respir J

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Kinins are potent inflammatory mediators, liberated from kininogens by different kininogenases. The aim of this study was to investigate the kinin generation pathways in acute and chronic inflammation of the lower airways.We studied bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of patients with acute pneumonia, patients with chronic bronchitis and healthy controls. Kinins were determined by radioimmunoassay (RIA). Plasma kallikrein (pl-Kal), α 2 -macroglobulin (α 2 -M) and toluenesulphonylarginine methyl ester (TAME) esterase activity (TAMEea) were studied in BALF before and after gel filtration chromatography. Plasma kallikrein and α 2 -M were measured using two newly developed sandwich enzymelinked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). TAME-ea was measured by a radiochemical assay. After gel filtration, inhibition of TAME-ea with benzamidine, soy-beantrypsin inhibitor (SBTI) and aprotinin was performed.Kinins and TAME-ea did not differ significantly between acute pneumonia and chronic bronchitis, whereas pl-Kal and α 2 -M values were significantly higher in acute pneumonia. Gel filtration revealed the highest TAME-ea peak in acute pneumonia corresponding with the first α 2 -M peak at ~800 kDa, whereas in chronic bronchitis the highest peak was found at ~40 kDa. The inhibition test showed that the TAME-ea peak at ~800 kDa was due to pl-Kal and the TAME-ea peak at ~40 kDa was mainly due to tissue kallikrein. High peaks of α 2 -M and pl-Kal were found in pneumonia and only small peaks were seen in chronic bronchitis.We conclude that in acute airway inflammation kinins seem to be mainly generated by plasma kallikrein whereas in chronic inflammation, kininogenases other than plasma kallikrein, such as tissue kallikrein, seem to be more important.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Bronchoalveolar Lavagementioning

confidence: 99%

Kinin generation in acute pneumonia and chronic bronchitis

Zhang¹,

Peng²,

Niehus³

et al. 1997

Eur Respir J

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This would suggest that an extraction process and characterisation of immunoreactivity are essential when measuring peptides in heterogeneous body fluids and may help to explain the diVerence between our data and previous reports demonstrating SP-like immunoreactivity in BAL fluid. [4][5][6] Our laboratory, in an extensive series of experiments, previously concluded that SP cannot be measured without employing an extraction process. 11 Takeyama et al measured SP immunoreactivity (SP-I) after Sep-pak extraction in BAL fluid (6 × 50 ml) from patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and pulmonary sarcoidosis using an enzyme immunoassay.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2 Great interest has surrounded these sensory neuropeptides in the respiratory tract since in vitro they cause many of the features of asthma such as bronchoconstriction, mucus secretion, and airway oedema. 3 Previous studies have measured levels of SP in lavage fluid [4][5][6] but the other sensory neuropeptides NKA and CGRP have not been examined. The aim of this study was to measure and characterise SP, NKA, and CGRP-like immunoreactivity in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid in normal subjects and subjects with mild asthma.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurokinin A is the predominant tachykinin in human bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in normal and asthmatic subjects

Heaney

Cross

McGarvey

et al. 1998

Thorax

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background-Multiple sensory neuropeptides are present in human airways and may contribute to diseases such as asthma. This study quantified and characterised substance P (SP), neurokinin A (NKA), and calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP) immunoreactivity in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in asthmatic and normal subjects. Methods-Using specific radioimmunoassay (RIA), SP, NKA and CGRP were measured in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from asthmatic subjects (n = 5), normal subjects (n = 5), atopic non-asthmatic subjects (n = 6), and asthmatic subjects four hours after allergen challenge (n = 12). Peptide immunoreactivity was characterised using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and RIA. Results-No SP or CGRP immunoreactivity was detected in any of the fractions from samples after extraction, HPLC, and RIA. Non-specific binding resulted in spurious SP immunoreactivity being detected in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid when no extraction process was employed. NKA was detected in significant amounts in asthmatic (median 550, range 425-625 pg/ml) and normal subjects (median 725, range 350-1425 pg/ml). The level of NKA was significantly higher in the asthmatic subjects after allergen challenge (median 750, range 350-1250 pg/ml) than in unchallenged asthmatic subjects (median 600, range 425-600 pg/ml, p<0.01). Conclusions-Extraction and characterisation of peptides from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid must be performed to ensure that the measured immunoreactivity represents target peptide. NKA is present in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in high concentrations and is the predominant tachykinin. The concentrations of NKA are similar in normal subjects and subjects with mild asthma. (Thorax 1998;53:357-362)

show abstract

“…25 Other studies have shown that treatment with azelastine HCl also decreased LTB4, LTC4 and LTD4 levels. 26,27 Treatment with azelastine HCl has been demonstrated to cause a significant decrease (P  0.05) in Substance P and kinin levels.…”

Section: -24mentioning

confidence: 99%

Azelastine HCl: A Review of the Old and New Formulations

Horbal

Bernstein

2010

Clinical Medicine Insights: Therapeutics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Azelastine HCl (Astelin™) is an intranasal antihistamine indicated for use in patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis (SAR) and non-allergic vasomotor rhinitis (VMR). A side effect of this medication is bitter taste which many patients find aversive. To address the issue of bitter taste, azelastine has been reformulated to include sucralose and sorbitol. The new formulation (Astepro™ 0.1%) is approved for seasonal and perennial allergic rhinitis and has been demonstrated to have comparable pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and therapeutic efficacy compared to Astelin. More recently, Astepro at a concentration 0.15% has been approved for once a day use. This review will provide an overview of the old and new formulations of Azelastine.

show abstract

Effect of azelastine on substance P content in bronchoalveolar and nasal lavage fluids of patients with allergic asthma

Cited by 49 publications

References 11 publications

Kinin generation in acute pneumonia and chronic bronchitis

Kinin generation in acute pneumonia and chronic bronchitis

Neurokinin A is the predominant tachykinin in human bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in normal and asthmatic subjects

Azelastine HCl: A Review of the Old and New Formulations

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About