Effect of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin Infection on Transplanted Tumours in the Mouse

Old, Lloyd J.; Clarke, Donald A.; Benacerraf, Baruj

doi:10.1038/184291a0

Cited by 467 publications

(178 citation statements)

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“…These findings have accented the potential role of the RES as an antibacterial and anti-tumour defence mechanism. Indeed, RE stimulation will afford protection against experimentally induced infections (Biozzi and Stiffel, 1965;Saba, 1970b), as well as lead to a regression of tumour growth (Biozzi et al, 1.958;Diller et al, 1963;Old et al, 1959), while RE depression will decrease host resistance to infection and neoplastic disease (Biozzi et al, 1958;Saba, 1970b).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…THE CRITICAL host defence role of mononuclear macrophages or reticuloendothelial cells against cancer has been emphasized repeatedly (Diller, Mankowski andFisher, 1963, DiLuzio et al, 1974a;Old, Clarke and Benacerraf, 1959;Old et al, 1960;Stern, 1960). Thus, data are available to support the concept that macrophages represent a primitive cellular surveillance mechanism in response to the presence of tumour cells.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, data are available to support the concept that macrophages represent a primitive cellular surveillance mechanism in response to the presence of tumour cells. Stimulation of the macrophage system before tumour cell challenge will increase host resistance to tumour growth (Diller et al, 1963;Kampschmidt and Clabaugh, 1964;Old et al, 1959;Stern, 1960) and experimental depression of the macrophage system will increase host susceptibility to tumour challenge (Biozzi and Stiffel, 1965;Kampschmidt and Clabaugh, 1964). Indeed, as demonstrated by Stern (1960), there exists an excellent correlation between the level of RES activity in various strains of inbred mice which manifest clear differences in the spontaneous incidence of malignant disease.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Humoral mediated macrophage response during tumour growth

Saba¹,

Antikatzides²

1975

Br J Cancer

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Humoral mediated macrophage response during tumour growth

Saba¹,

Antikatzides²

1975

Br J Cancer

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“…It is now well established that mycobacteria have the ability to stimulate the immunity of the host against tumors (1)(2). However, these organisms have also the capacity for rendering mice very susceptible to endotoxins (13) and for inducing delayed hypersensitivity to tuberculin.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancement of immunity against murine syngeneic tumors by a fraction extracted from non-pathogenic mycobacteria.

Lamensans¹,

Chedid²,

Lederer³

et al. 1975

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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The data reported here demonstrate that a preparation extracted from nonpathogenic mycobacteria such as Mycobacterium smegmatis and hereafter referred to as interphase material protected mice against Ehrlich ascitic carcinoma, L-1210 leukemia, and another syngeneic lymphoid leukemia. Furthermore, mice treated by this preparation were much less susceptible to endotoxins than when stimulated by BCG (bacillus Calmette-Guerin) or M. smegmatis cells. Moreover, guinea pigs treated by interphase material administered in Freund's incomplete adjuvant showed an increased immune response, yet their sensitivity to tuberculin was much weaker than that of controls sensitized with Freund's complete adjuvant.Finally, resistance to Columbia SK virus infection could be demonstrated when interphase material was administered to mice prior to virus challenge.It is now well established that mycobacteria have the ability to stimulate the immunity of the host against tumors (1-2). However, these organisms have also the capacity for rendering mice very susceptible to endotoxins (13) and for inducing delayed hypersensitivity to tuberculin. Our previous studies have shown that delipidated cells as well as purified cell walls of Mycobacterium smegmatis or M. kansasii had greater antitumor activity than killed cells of bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG), although they were devoid of several of the noxious effects of whole mycobacterial cells (14).In the following study various biological activities of a preparation extracted from nonpathogenic mycobacteria and hereafter referred to as interphase material (IPM) the press with cooling. The resulting homogenate was centrifuged for 90 min at 5000 X g, yielding a multiphase system consisting of a lower cell debris layer, a lower opaque aqueous layer and an upper hexane layer containing a sedimented gelatinous phase. The aqueous phase was withdrawn from the system by aspiration and discarded. The hexane phase containing the gelatinous sediment was decanted and centrifuged at 10,000 X g for 1 hr. The gelatinous material was separated from the hexane by decantation, suspended in distilled water, and the suspension was freed from residual hexane by heating to about 380 under reduced pressure. The aqueous suspension was freeze-dried to yield 29.0 g of a fluffy, light colored amorphous solid hereafter referred to as M. smegmatis interphase material (IPM). A similar procedure was used for obtaining interphase material from M. phlei and M. kansasii.M. smegmatis IPM is insoluble in neutral aqueous systems and only partly soluble in organic solvents. It is characterized by the following elemental analysis: C, 51-57%; H, 7.5-8.7%; N, 5.8-6.5%; P, 0.5-1.2% and by the following composition: neutral carbohydrates (arabinose, galactose, glucose), 21-23%; amino sugars, 0.8-1.8%; amino acids (as peptides or proteins), 24-28%; free lipids, 40-43%. These data as well as the presence of a,a'-diaminopimelic acid and approximately equimolar amounts of glucosamine and muramic acid indicate that IPM is essentially...

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“…Earlier studies with other models, while showing that BCG can exert a tumour immunoprophylactic effect, did not provide ancillary data as to whether or not overall stimulation of specific anti-tumour immunity also occurred (Old, Clarke and Benacerraf, 1959;Lemonde et al, 1971;Keller and Hess, 1972). Our findings indicate that such stimulation does take place.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leukaemogenic action of phorbol in intact and thymectomized mice of different strains

Armuth¹

1976

Br J Cancer

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Summary.-The immunoprophylactic effects of the methanol extraction residue (MER) of BCG were investigated in Strain 2 guinea-pigs injected with cells of the transplantable, diethylnitrosamine-induced, Line 10 hepatocarcinoma. Pretreatment with MER at times ranging from 18 to 182 days prior to tumour implantation protected approximately 40o% of guinea-pigs from progressive neoplastic disease.In addition, MER-treated animals developed specific cell-mediated anti-tumour immunity both more rapidly and at higher levels than did non-MER -treated tumourbearing controls. It was not possible, however, to prognosticate from the results of such laboratory studies to the outcome of immunoprophylaxis.

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Effect of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin Infection on Transplanted Tumours in the Mouse

Cited by 467 publications

References 2 publications

Humoral mediated macrophage response during tumour growth

Humoral mediated macrophage response during tumour growth

Enhancement of immunity against murine syngeneic tumors by a fraction extracted from non-pathogenic mycobacteria.

Leukaemogenic action of phorbol in intact and thymectomized mice of different strains

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