Effect of Bacterial Products on Prostaglandin E Production by Amnion Cells

Lamont, Ronnie; Rose, Matthew P.; Elder, M. G.

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(85)92628-5

Cited by 101 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Of interest in this regard, the promoter region of the rat OT gene contains an interferon response element (59), suggesting the possibility of direct regulation ofthe OT gene by the products of the immune system. In addition, cytokines ( interleukins, tumor necrosis factor) and lipopolysaccharides stimulate prostaglandin biosynthesis from intrauterine tissues (60)(61)(62)(63). Early induction of local OT synthesis in fetal membranes by any of these factors may have important consequences for the timing of parturition.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of oxytocin in amnion, chorion, and decidua may influence the timing of human parturition.

Chibbar¹,

Miller²,

Mitchell³

1993

J. Clin. Invest.

246

116

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Despite the widespread clinical use of oxytocin (OT) as a potent and specific stimulant of labor, previous research data have not supported a role for OT in the physiology of normal human parturition. We have demonstrated synthesis of OT mRNA in amnion, chorion, and decidua using Northern blot analysis, ribonuclease protection assays, and in situ hybridization. Probes directed towards both the 3' and 5' ends of the gene have been used. Levels were highest in decidua with considerably less in chorion and amnion and very low levels in placenta. The transcript size in decidua appears to be 60-80 nucleotides smaller than the transcripts in amnion and chorion. OT gene expression in chorio-decidual tissues increased three-to fourfold around the time of labor onset. Estradiol stimulated synthesis of OT mRNA during in vitro incubation. These results support the hypothesis of a paracrine system involving OT and sex steroids within intrauterine tissues wherein significant changes could occur without being reflected in the maternal circulation. Such a paracrine system could rationalize a long-sought role for oxytocin in the physiology of human labor. These data may lead to novel approaches towards prevention or treatment of preterm labor. (J. Clin. Invest. 1993. 91:185-192.)

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of oxytocin in amnion, chorion, and decidua may influence the timing of human parturition.

Chibbar¹,

Miller²,

Mitchell³

1993

J. Clin. Invest.

246

116

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“…It has been speculated that infection leads to an increased generation of prostaglandins that initiate labor (5). Prostaglandin biosynthesis during intraamniotic infection might be the result of bacterial phospholipase (2 1) or actions of cytokines produced by macrophages or amnion cells (22)(23)(24).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production of Interleukin-6 by Fetal and Maternal Cells in Vivo during Intraamniotic Infection and in Vitro after Stimulation with Interleukin-1

et al. 1991

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ABSTRACT. Amniotic fluid samples were obtained by transabdominal amniocentesis from 20 women in preterm labor (534 wk gestation). Concentrations of I M in culture-positive amniotic fluids (mean 8706 pg/mL, range 5100-14 446 pg/mL) were higher than those in culturenegative fluids (mean 1133 pg/mL, range 15-6534 pg/mL, p < 0.0001) or fluids from healthy term pregnancies (mean 196 pg/mL, range 55-790 pg/mL, p c 0.001). To assess possible sources of the IL-6 in amniotic fluid, we tested the ability of a variety of fetal and maternal cells to produce I M in vitro after stimulation with IL-1, a cytokine known to stimulate IL-6 production. Very low concentrations of I M were present in supernatants of cells not stimulated with IG1; however, high concentrations were observed in supernatants of stimulated umbilical venous endothelial cells, decidual cells, and fetal and maternal blood mononuclear cells. To determine whether cells from adults produce IL-6 with kinetics similar to those of neonates, we incubated mononuclear cells obtained from blood of adults and term and preterm neonates with IL-1. After 6 h, I M was detected in supernatants of adult cells and term neonatal cells, but not in supernatants of preterm cells. Concentrations at 18, 24, and 48 h were similar for adult and term cell supernatants, but were lower in supernatants of preterm cells. We also observed considerably more IL-6 mRNA accumulation in circulating mononuclear cells from adults than in those from neonates. (Pediatr Res 29: 1-4, 1991) Abbreviations CSF, colony stimulating factor Intraamniotic infection is one of the causes of preterm labor ( 1-5). Thus, in women with preterm labor, efforts are often made to establish whether or not intraamniotic infection is present (4, 5). Such information can influence the management of the

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“…Several partially purified and sequenced secretion products of GBS have been described, including hyaluronate lyase, group B streptococcal cocytolysin, and GBS extracellular toxin (44 -46). Filtered extracts of GBS have been reported to modify the arachidonic acid metabolism of cultured human amnion cells, favoring production of PG E 2 (47). However, among the known "extracellular toxins," only ␤-hemolysin from GBS has been assigned a proinflammatory function (48).…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Engagement of CD14 and Multiple Toll-Like Receptors by Group B Streptococci

Henneke

Takeuchi

Strijp³

et al. 2001

The Journal of Immunology

131

132

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Group B streptococcus (GBS) imposes a major health threat to newborn infants. Little is known about the molecular basis of GBS-induced sepsis. Both heat-inactivated whole GBS bacteria and a heat-labile soluble factor released by GBS during growth (GBS-F) induce nuclear translocation of NF-κB, the secretion of TNF-α, and the formation of NO in mouse macrophages. Macrophages from mice with a targeted disruption of MyD88 failed to secrete TNF-α in response to both heat-inactivated whole bacteria and GBS-F, suggesting that Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are involved in different aspects of GBS recognition. Immune cell activation by whole bacteria differed profoundly from that by secreted GBS-F. Whole GBS activated macrophages independently of TLR2 and TLR6, whereas a response to the secreted GBS-F was not observed in macrophages from TLR2-deficient animals. In addition to TLR2, TLR6 and CD14 expression were essential for GBS-F responses, whereas TLR1 and TLR4 or MD-2 did not appear to be involved. Heat lability distinguished GBS-F from peptidoglycan and lipoproteins. GBS mutants deficient in capsular polysaccharide or β-hemolysin had GBS-F activity comparable to that of wild-type streptococci. We suggest that CD14 and TLR2 and TLR6 function as coreceptors for secreted microbial products derived from GBS and that cell wall components of GBS are recognized by TLRs distinct from TLR1, 2, 4, or 6.

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Effect of Bacterial Products on Prostaglandin E Production by Amnion Cells

Cited by 101 publications

References 2 publications

Synthesis of oxytocin in amnion, chorion, and decidua may influence the timing of human parturition.

Synthesis of oxytocin in amnion, chorion, and decidua may influence the timing of human parturition.

Production of Interleukin-6 by Fetal and Maternal Cells in Vivo during Intraamniotic Infection and in Vitro after Stimulation with Interleukin-1

Novel Engagement of CD14 and Multiple Toll-Like Receptors by Group B Streptococci

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