Effect of Ball Inclusion in Drop Vertical Jump Test on Performance and Movement Variability in Basketball Players

Abstract

The aim of this study was to assess and compare performance and movement variability (MV) in both bilateral and unilateral vertical drop jumps (DVJs) under conditions involving the incorporation or exclusion of ball catching. Twelve amateur basketball players were recruited for participation in the study (seven females and five males). Participants performed three jumps in each of the six conditions analyzed in randomized order: bilateral DVJ without (BNB) and with ball (BB); unilateral DVJ right leg without (RNB) and with ball (RB); and unilateral DVJ left leg without (LNB) and with ball (LB). MV and DVJ performance parameters were analyzed with an accelerometer and a force platform. MV was quantified using the sample entropy (sample entropy; SampEn) derived from the acceleration of the lower back. Differences between the different DVJ conditions were determined with the Wilcoxon test, with a significance level set at p < 0.05. The comparisons were also assessed via standardized mean differences (Cohen’s d). No significant differences were observed in jump height, contact time and reactive strength index between conditions. However, the RB condition reported higher MV compared to RNB (effect size = 0.79; p = 0.016). Similarly, LNB showed greater MV compared to RNB (effect size = −0.62; p = 0.042). The inclusion of the ball in the DVJ increased the MV in the bilateral condition and in the right leg, but not in the unilateral condition with the left leg. The asymmetry between legs (right vs. left) in MV values in NOBALL conditions was higher (≈15%) compared to the BALL condition (≈5%).

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“…Sample entropy (SampEn), Multiscale entropy (MSE), and Approximate entropy (ApEn) are the most popular methods for assessing data regularity in health and sports sciences [9,35,38,39]. SampEn is more robust to variations in time series length and can provide meaningful insights even with shorter data [40], and is one of the most widely used entropies in sports and health sciences [9][10][11][12]35,41,42].…”