“…Calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH) 2 ) and calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ) were used as the space fillers to finetune the values of friction coefficient. These functional modifiers were observed to improve fade and noise as well [15]. The graphite and molybdenum disulphide (MoS 2 ) ensure stabilization of friction coefficient while playing the role of solid state lubricant in different temperature ranges [14].…”
Section: Materials and Methodologymentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The fade and recovery features of the friction composites formed with banana peel powder were observed to increase significantly. The thermal stability was improved by the partial replacement of phenolic resin with banana peel powder [15]. The content of resin was observed to play a major role in tribological characteristics of brake pad formulations.…”
The purpose of the study is to develop a biodegradable and non-asbestos/copper-free brake pad formulation. The possibility of using organic cow dung particles as an eco-friendly reinforcement in friction material for brake pads is investigated. Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) treated cow dung is sun dried and ground to an average particle size of 200 microns. It is reinforced in epoxy resin with calcium carbonate in weight fractions of 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25%. Various composite samples are subjected to microhardness and tensile strength evaluation for mechanical characterization. Pin on disc testing is done to identify the coefficient of friction (CoF), wear coefficient and specific wear rate as a part of tribological characterization. The scanning electron micrographs and EDAX analysis of worn out surface is performed to study the wear mechanism. Promising results were seen with composite samples reinforced with 15% cow dung particles in terms of better microhardness, tensile strength, stable coefficient of friction and low wear. The investigation could guide industries working on developing brake pad materials. This could open up an era of low cost, organic and eco-friendly alternative to carcinogenic asbestos/copper in friction materials.
“…Calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH) 2 ) and calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ) were used as the space fillers to finetune the values of friction coefficient. These functional modifiers were observed to improve fade and noise as well [15]. The graphite and molybdenum disulphide (MoS 2 ) ensure stabilization of friction coefficient while playing the role of solid state lubricant in different temperature ranges [14].…”
Section: Materials and Methodologymentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The fade and recovery features of the friction composites formed with banana peel powder were observed to increase significantly. The thermal stability was improved by the partial replacement of phenolic resin with banana peel powder [15]. The content of resin was observed to play a major role in tribological characteristics of brake pad formulations.…”
The purpose of the study is to develop a biodegradable and non-asbestos/copper-free brake pad formulation. The possibility of using organic cow dung particles as an eco-friendly reinforcement in friction material for brake pads is investigated. Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) treated cow dung is sun dried and ground to an average particle size of 200 microns. It is reinforced in epoxy resin with calcium carbonate in weight fractions of 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25%. Various composite samples are subjected to microhardness and tensile strength evaluation for mechanical characterization. Pin on disc testing is done to identify the coefficient of friction (CoF), wear coefficient and specific wear rate as a part of tribological characterization. The scanning electron micrographs and EDAX analysis of worn out surface is performed to study the wear mechanism. Promising results were seen with composite samples reinforced with 15% cow dung particles in terms of better microhardness, tensile strength, stable coefficient of friction and low wear. The investigation could guide industries working on developing brake pad materials. This could open up an era of low cost, organic and eco-friendly alternative to carcinogenic asbestos/copper in friction materials.
“…Saikrishnan et al [127] showed that tribo-films modification and steady friction were achieved through graphtisation of graphite incorporated in brake pads. Bashir et al [128] found that 12% banana peel and 6% phenolic binder yields the optimum combination of lowest fade rate and quicker recovery combined with better thermal stability of brake pad material. The Table 3 provides the overview of some recent literatures on the tribological characterisation of natural composite brake pads.…”
Section: Characterisation Of Natural Composite Brake Padsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The possible governing wear mechanisms of natural composite brake pads can be summarised as follows: fibre pull out, wear debris formation, spalling, pit formation, crater formed due to displacement of materials and cracks due to plastic deformation. Figure 11 Illustrating various worn surface morphology characteristics [128]. Figure 12 Table depicting primary plateau and secondary plateau [54].…”
Section: Characterisation Of Natural Composite Brake Padsmentioning
Brake pads are vital parts of automobiles, where tribological properties are prime concern. Usually, asbestos brake pads were used, which were replaced by copper-based in later years. As brake lining materials have evolved, synthetic friction composites were explored as alternatives. Recent works suggest that, natural composites are promising friction material. However, poor thermal conductivity and frictional stability have limited their applications. Surface treatment of fibers and addition of secondary fillers have improved their possibilities. Thus, hybridization of reinforcements has expanded their range of applications. The present article attempts to review various aspects of brake pads and their testing with attention on natural composites. Their properties were studied to conform their ability to meet desired requirements. The article reviews the studies conducted in recent years on various materials properties related to brake pads. The future potential of natural components in the development of friction composite materials for automotive applications is highlighted.
“…The fade resistance and recovery are the most important indexes that influence the braking reliability and effectiveness during the braking process [29,30]. The friction coefficient decreases with increasing temperature, referred to as the fade phenomenon, and increases with decreasing temperaturerecovery phenomenon [31,32]. The fade ratio and the recovery ratio are crucial parameters to evaluate the tribological properties of specimens [32][33][34].…”
Section: Fade Resistance and Recovery Propertiesmentioning
To enhance the friction performance of resin‐based friction materials, five types of specimens with different polymer ether ketone (PEEK) contents were fabricated and their physiomechanical behaviours were tested and, their tribological properties were investigated using a JF150F‐II constant‐speed tester. It was found that the addition of PEEK had a positive influence on the properties of the friction materials, and sample FM‐3 (the shorthand of ‘Friction Materials‐3’, containing 2 wt% PEEK) exhibited improved friction performance with a fade ratio and recovery ratio of 8.6% and 101.1% respectively. Among all samples, FM‐4 (the shorthand of ‘Friction Materials‐4’, containing 3 wt% PEEK) had the lowest specific wear rate with a value of 0.622 × 10−7 cm3 (N·m)−1 at 350°C. The PEEK can fill the microcracks in the composite at a high temperature and can also cover the hard abrasive particles to prevent them from directly damaging the composite. The findings from this study afford a foundation for studies to further improve the properties of resin‐based friction materials.
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