Effect of Barley Straw Fiber as a Reinforcement on the Mechanical Behavior of Babolsar Sand

Vafaei, Ali; Choobbasti, Asskar Janalizadeh; Koutenaei, Reza Younesi; Vafaei, Amir; Afrakoti, MobinaTaslimi Paein; Kutanaei, Saman Soleimani

doi:10.1007/s40515-023-00281-7

Cited by 16 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 48 publications

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“…It has also been reported that a higher viscosity will increase the thickness of the film between bubbles such that the bubble lifetime is increased [29]. The Young-Laplace equation [30] describing gas diffusion states that, in the case that two bubbles of different sizes come into contact with one another, the air from the smaller bubble (which has a higher internal pressure) will diffuse through the bubble film towards the larger bubble. As a consequence, smaller bubbles are absorbed by larger bubbles, causing the bubbles to merge and resulting in the disappearance of some bubbles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Porous β-type Tricalcium Phosphate Ceramics Formed by Physical Foaming with Freeze-Drying

Hashimoto,

Oikawa,

Shibata

2024

Preprint

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Porous β-tricalcium phosphate (Ca3(PO4)2; β-TCP) was prepared by freeze-drying and the effects of this process on pore shapes and sizes were investigated. Various samples were prepared by freezing β-TCP slurries above a liquid nitrogen surface at −180 °C with subsequent immersion in liquid nitrogen at −196 °C. These materials were then dried under reduced pressure in a freeze-dryer after which they were sintered by heating. Compared with conventional heat-based drying, the resulting pores were more spherical, which increased both the mechanical strength and porosity of the β-TCP. These materials had a wide range of pore sizes from 50 to 200 µm, with the mean and median values both approximately 100 µm regardless of the freeze-drying conditions. Mercury porosimetry data showed that the samples contained small, interconnected pores with sizes of up to 1.24 µm and macroscopic, interconnected pores up to 25.8 µm in size. The effects of non-ionic surfactants having different hydrophilic/lipophilic balance (HLB) values on foaming and pore size were also investigated. Materials made with surfactants having lower HLB values exhibited smaller pores and lower porosity whereas higher HLB surfactants gave higher porosity and slightly larger macropores. Even so, the pore diameter could not be readily controlled solely by adjusting the HLB value. The findings of this work indicated that high porosity (75%) and good compressive strength (&gt;2 MPa) can both be obtained in the same porous material and that foaming agents with HLB values between 12.0 and 13.5 were optimal.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%