Effect of Basal Conditions on the Magnitude and Dynamics of the Blood Oxygenation Level-Dependent fMRI Response

Cohen, Eric R.; Uğurbil, Kâmil; Kim, Seong Gi

doi:10.1097/00004647-200209000-00002

Cited by 339 publications

(328 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Since BOLD fMRI contrasts a resting condition and an active condition, changes in blood flow during rest alter the magnitude of the observed BOLD response (Cohen et al, 2002). Specifically, reductions in resting blood flow produce a larger BOLD response change between resting and active conditions (Cohen et al, 2002;Myers et al, 1998). Therefore, the observed greater dorsolateral prefrontal activation among MAUD teens compared to controls could be due to reduced resting frontal blood flow associated with marijuana use.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Diminished resting cerebral blood flow has been demonstrated among adult marijuana users during short-term abstinence, particularly in frontal and cerebellar regions (Block et al, 2000;Loeber and Yurgelun-Todd, 1999;Lundqvist et al, 2001). Since BOLD fMRI contrasts a resting condition and an active condition, changes in blood flow during rest alter the magnitude of the observed BOLD response (Cohen et al, 2002). Specifically, reductions in resting blood flow produce a larger BOLD response change between resting and active conditions (Cohen et al, 2002;Myers et al, 1998).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

fMRI response to spatial working memory in adolescents with comorbid marijuana and alcohol use disorders

Schweinsburg

Cheung

et al. 2005

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

112

130

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Alcohol and marijuana use are prevalent in adolescence, yet the neural impact of concomitant use remains unclear. We previously demonstrated functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) response to spatial working memory (SWM) among teens with alcohol use disorders (AUD) compared to controls, and predicted that adolescents with marijuana and alcohol use disorders would show additional abnormalities.Participants were three groups of 15−17-year-olds: 19 non-abusing controls, 15 AUD teens with limited exposure to drugs, and 15 teens with comorbid marijuana and alcohol use disorders (MAUD) and minimal other drug experience. After >2 days' abstinence, participants performed a SWM task during fMRI acquisition. fMRI brain response patterns differed between groups, despite similar performance on the task. MAUD youths showed less activation in inferior frontal and temporal regions than controls, and more response in other prefrontal regions. Compared to AUD teens, MAUD youths also showed less inferior frontal and temporal activation, but more medial frontal response. Overall, MAUD youths showed different brain response abnormalities than teens with AUD alone, despite relatively short histories of substance involvement. This pattern could suggest compensation for marijuana-related attention and working memory deficits. However, relatively recent use and premorbid features may influence results, and should be examined in future studies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

fMRI response to spatial working memory in adolescents with comorbid marijuana and alcohol use disorders

Schweinsburg

Cheung

et al. 2005

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

112

130

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Further, elevated cerebrovascular resistance and systolic blood flow remained high after a month of abstinence, suggesting lasting blood flow abnormalities (Herning et al, 2005). These blood flow abnormalities could affect the magnitude of the observed BOLD response (Cohen et al, 2002). Specifically, reductions in frontal blood flow may contribute to diminished frontal SWM activation among MJ teens.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Abstinent adolescent marijuana users show altered fMRI response during spatial working memory

Schweinsburg¹,

Nagel²,

Schweinsburg³

et al. 2008

Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging

172

168

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Marijuana is the most widely used illicit substance among teenagers, yet little is known about the possible neural influence of heavy marijuana use during adolescence. We previously demonstrated an altered functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) activity related to spatial working memory (SWM) among adolescents who were heavy users of after an average of 8 days of abstinence, but the persisting neural effects remain unclear. To characterize the potentially persisting neurocognitive effects of heavy marijuana use in adolescence, we examined fMRI response during SWM among abstinent marijuana-using teens. Participants were 15 MJ teens and 17 demographically similar nonusing controls, ages 16-18. Teens underwent biweekly urine toxicology screens to ensure abstinence for 28 days before fMRI acquisition. Groups performed similarly on the SWM task, but MJ teens demonstrated lower activity in right dorsolateral prefrontal and occipital cortices, yet significantly more activation in right posterior parietal cortex. MJ teens showed abnormalities in brain response during a SWM task compared with controls, even after 1 month of abstinence. The activation pattern among MJ teens may reflect different patterns of utilization of spatial rehearsal and attention strategies, and could indicate altered neurodevelopment or persisting abnormalities associated with heavy marijuana use in adolescence.

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“…It should be noted that these hypercapnia-induced decreases in fcMRI signal may be caused by a combined effect of CO 2 on electrophysiological signal and on basal vascular state (Cohen et al, 2002), which has a modulatory effect on BOLD signal amplitude. Therefore, we defined a normalized fcMRI signal amplitude (calculated for each individual), S fcmri,n = S fcmri /S fmri , where a visual-evoked fMRI, S fmri, , is used as a reference to eliminate the vascular effect from fcMRI signal.…”

Section: Functional Connectivity Magnetic Resonance Imagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of Carbon Dioxide on Brain Activity and Metabolism in Conscious Humans

Xu¹,

Uh²,

Brier³

et al. 2010

J Cereb Blood Flow Metab

275

289

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A better understanding of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) effect on brain activity may have a profound impact on clinical studies using CO 2 manipulation to assess cerebrovascular reserve and on the use of hypercapnia as a means to calibrate functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) signal. This study investigates how an increase in blood CO 2 , via inhalation of 5% CO 2 , may alter brain activity in humans. Dynamic measurement of brain metabolism revealed that mild hypercapnia resulted in a suppression of cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO 2 ) by 13.4% ± 2.3% (N = 14) and, furthermore, the CMRO 2 change was proportional to the subject's end-tidal CO 2 (Et-CO 2 ) change. When using functional connectivity MRI (fcMRI) to assess the changes in resting-state neural activity, it was found that hypercapnia resulted in a reduction in all fcMRI indices assessed including cluster volume, cross-correlation coefficient, and amplitude of the fcMRI signal in the default-mode network (DMN). The extent of the reduction was more pronounced than similar indices obtained in visualevoked fMRI, suggesting a selective suppression effect on resting-state neural activity. Scalp electroencephalogram (EEG) studies comparing hypercapnia with normocapnia conditions showed a relative increase in low frequency power in the EEG spectra, suggesting that the brain is entering a low arousal state on CO 2 inhalation.

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Effect of Basal Conditions on the Magnitude and Dynamics of the Blood Oxygenation Level-Dependent fMRI Response

Cited by 339 publications

References 49 publications

fMRI response to spatial working memory in adolescents with comorbid marijuana and alcohol use disorders

fMRI response to spatial working memory in adolescents with comorbid marijuana and alcohol use disorders

Abstinent adolescent marijuana users show altered fMRI response during spatial working memory

The Influence of Carbon Dioxide on Brain Activity and Metabolism in Conscious Humans

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