Effect of BCG Revaccination on Occupationally Exposed Medical Personnel Vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2

Ramos-Martı́nez, Espiridión; Falfán-Valencia, Ramcés; Pérez-Rubio, Gloría; Rojas-Serrano, Jorge; Ambrocio-Ortiz, Enrique; Galicia-Álvarez, Dennisse S; Bárcenas-Montiel, Isaac; Velasco-Medina, Andrea Aída; Velázquez-Sámano, Guillermo

doi:10.3390/cells10113179

Cited by 25 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Our data is consistent with previous work highlighting the benefit of prior or synchronous BCG vaccination in boosting heterologous vaccine responses 67 , including to a trivalent influenza vaccine 44 and to vaccination against pneumococcus, tetanus toxoid, measles, mumps, diphtheria and polio in BCG immunized infants [46][47][48] . Our data is also consistent with the results of the Mexican study which demonstrated prior BCG vaccination to enhance the Pfizer/Biotech induced NAb response,4 weeks after BCG vaccination 49 . In the context of COVID-19, BCG may not be unique and is consistent with emerging acceptance of the benefits of heterologous vaccination strategies.…”

supporting

confidence: 92%

“…Humoral responses to vaccination against pneumococcus, tetanus toxoid, measles, mumps, diphtheria, polio were higher in BCG immunized compared to non-BCG immunized infants in several trials [46][47][48] . Importantly, data from a randomized study in Mexico showed neutralizing antibody (NAb) titers induced by the Pfizer-BioNTech SARS-CoV-2 vaccine to be higher in the group that received BCG first and then the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine relative to the group that received placebo and SARS-CoV-2 vaccine 49 . In an animal study, human-ACE2 transgenic mice given BCG coupled with a trimeric-Spike vaccine generated a higher titer of NAb and a greater Th1 response than controls receiving trimeric-Spike vaccine alone and cleared infection with minimal immunopathology following SARS-CoV-2 challenge 25 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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BCG revaccination qualitatively and quantitatively enhances SARS-CoV-2 spike-specific neutralizing antibody and T cell responses induced by the COVISHIELDTM vaccine in SARS-CoV-2 seronegative young Indian adults

Rakshit

Adiga

Ahmed

et al. 2022

Preprint

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This study tested if prior BCG revaccination can further boost immune responses subsequently induced by an otherwise efficacious Oxford/AstraZeneca ChAdOx1nCoV-19 vaccine, referred to as COVISHIELDTM in India. We compared COVISHIELDTM induced longitudinal immune responses in 21 BCG re-vaccinees (BCG-RV) and 13 BCG-non-revaccinees (BCG-NRV), all of whom were BCG vaccinated at birth and latent tuberculosis negative, after COVISHIELDTM prime and boost with baseline samples that were collected pre-pandemic and pre-BCG revaccination. Compared to BCG-NRV, BCG-RV displayed significantly higher magnitude of spike-specific Ab and T cell responses, including a greater proportion of high responders; better quality polyfunctional CD4 and CD8 T cells that persisted and a more robust Ab and T cell response to the Delta mutant of SARS-CoV-2 highlighting greater breadth. Mechanistically, BCG adjuvant effects on COVISHIELDTM induced adaptive responses was associated with more robust innate responses to pathogen-associated-molecular-patterns through TNF-α and IL-1β secretion. This study highlights the potential of using a cheap and globally available vaccine as an adjuvant to enhance heterologous adaptive immune responses induced by COVIDSHIELDTM and other emerging vaccines.

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supporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

BCG revaccination qualitatively and quantitatively enhances SARS-CoV-2 spike-specific neutralizing antibody and T cell responses induced by the COVISHIELDTM vaccine in SARS-CoV-2 seronegative young Indian adults

Rakshit

Adiga

Ahmed

et al. 2022

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Such non-specific protection by BCG against non-mycobacterial infections and perhaps other non-infectious disorders include induction of: (i) a heterologous TH1, TH17, and CD8+ lymphocytic response and (ii) a non-specific memory in innate immune cells (natural killer cells, monocytes, and macrophages) through epigenetic effects and metabolic rewiring in a paradigm known as "trained immunity" [33]. Of contemporary note is the investigation of BCG in the COVID-19 pandemic; BCG benefit has been shown in both animal COVID-19 studies and humans where BCG demonstrated a "synergy" with COVID-19 vaccination [34][35][36].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of BCG Vaccination and Plasma Amyloid: A Prospective, Pilot Study with Implications for Alzheimer’s Disease

et al. 2022

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BCG vaccine has been used for 100 years to prevent tuberculosis. Not all countries, including the United States, adopted the initial World Health Organization recommendation to use BCG. Moreover, many Western countries that had routinely used BCG have discontinued its use. Recent population studies demonstrate lower prevalence of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in countries with high BCG coverage. Intravesicular instillation of BCG is also used to treat bladder cancer that has not invaded the bladder muscle wall and has been shown to reduce recurrence. Several retrospective studies of bladder cancer patients demonstrated that BCG treatment was associated with a significantly reduced risk of developing AD. Plasma amyloid β assessment has become a fertile area of study for an AD biomarker that is predictive of a positive amyloid PET scan. Mass spectrometry-based plasma amyloid 42/40 ratio has proven to be accurate and robust, and when combined with age and ApoE, is shown to accurately predict current and future brain amyloid status. These parameters, amyloid 42/40 ratio, age and ApoE genotype are incorporated into an Amyloid Probability Score (APS)–a score that identifies low, intermediate or high risk of having a PET scan positive for cerebral amyloid. Community recruitment was used for this open-label pilot study. Forty-nine BCG-naïve, immunocompetent individuals completed our study: prior to BCG prime and boost, as determined by the APS, 34 had low risk (APS 0–35), 5 had intermediate risk (APS 36–57) and 10 had high risk (APS 58–100). The APS range for the participant group was 0 to 94. Follow-up plasma amyloid testing 9 months after vaccination revealed a reduction in the APS in all the risk groups: low risk group (p = 0. 37), intermediate risk group (p = 0.13) and the high-risk group (statistically significant, p = 0.016). Greater benefit was seen in younger participants and those with the highest risk. The small number of participants and the nascent status of plasma amyloid testing will rightfully temper embracement of these results. However, both the favorable direction of change after BCG as well as the utility of the APS—a valuable surrogate AD biomarker—may prompt a definitive large-scale multicenter investigation of BCG and AD risk as determined by plasma amyloid peptide ratios and APS.

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“… Positive: Revaccination with BCG synergized with subsequent vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 in occupationally exposed personnel. [145] Clinical trial 695 health care workers in Poland No effect. Negative: The statistical analysis did not reveal any significant correlation between the frequency of incidents suspected of COVID-19 and BCG-10 vaccination, the result of the tuberculin test and the number of scars.…”

Section: Is the Bcg Vaccine Effective Against Sars-cov-2 Infection?mentioning

confidence: 99%

BCG Vaccination: A potential tool against COVID-19 and COVID-19-like Black Swan incidents

Gong¹,

Mao

et al. 2022

International Immunopharmacology

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Effect of BCG Revaccination on Occupationally Exposed Medical Personnel Vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2

Cited by 25 publications

References 42 publications

BCG revaccination qualitatively and quantitatively enhances SARS-CoV-2 spike-specific neutralizing antibody and T cell responses induced by the COVISHIELDTM vaccine in SARS-CoV-2 seronegative young Indian adults

BCG revaccination qualitatively and quantitatively enhances SARS-CoV-2 spike-specific neutralizing antibody and T cell responses induced by the COVISHIELDTM vaccine in SARS-CoV-2 seronegative young Indian adults

Evaluation of BCG Vaccination and Plasma Amyloid: A Prospective, Pilot Study with Implications for Alzheimer’s Disease

BCG Vaccination: A potential tool against COVID-19 and COVID-19-like Black Swan incidents

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