Effect of beam offset on microstructure and mechanical properties of dissimilar electron beam welded high temperature titanium alloys

Yeganeh, V. Esfahani; Li, Peijie

doi:10.1016/j.matdes.2017.03.056

Cited by 37 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…The electron beam can move along different trajectories-a segment in the longitudinal or transverse direction, a circle, an ellipse, an infinity-shaped trajectory, a triangle, a square, and others [26,27]. In addition, a deflection of the electron beam toward one of the materials (offset) was also applied [28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electron-Beam Welding Cu and Al6082T6 Aluminum Alloys with Circular Beam Oscillations

et al. 2022

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In this study, we present the results from electron-beam welding operations applied on copper and Al6082T6 aluminum alloys. The influence of beam-scanning geometries on the structure and mechanical properties of the welded joint is studied. The experiments were conducted using a circle oscillation mode with an oscillation radius of 0.1 mm and 0.2 mm. The beam deflection was set to 0.4 mm with respect to the side of the aluminum alloy, and the beam power was set at 2700 W. The phase composition of the obtained welded joints was studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used for the investigation of the microstructure of the joints. The chemical composition was investigated by using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The mechanical properties were studied by micro-hardness investigations. The fusion zone of the weld seam contains three phases—an aluminum matrix, an ordered solid solution of copper and aluminum in the form of CuAl2, and pure copper. Electron beam-scanning geometries have significant influences on the structure of the weld. Increasing the beam oscillation’s radius leads to a decrease in intermetallic phases and improves homogeneity. The measured microhardness values in the fusion zone are much higher than the ones measured in the base metals due to the formation of intermetallic phases. The microhardness of the weld joint formed using an oscillation radius of 0.2 mm was much lower compared to the one formed using an oscillation radius of 0.1 mm.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electron-Beam Welding Cu and Al6082T6 Aluminum Alloys with Circular Beam Oscillations

et al. 2022

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“…When the angle of the phase boundary reaches the min- Figure 15 illustrates a schematic diagram of a failure mechanism based on the results analysis. It is generally believed that during the impact process, cracks originate from micropores generated by plastic deformation due to external impact forces [41]. As the micropores expand, microscopic cracks penetrate columnar grains, mainly propagating along internal phase boundaries.…”

Section: Failure Mechanism Of Impact Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructure and Impact Toughness of Laser-Arc Hybrid Welded Joint of Medium-Thick TC4 Titanium Alloy

Luo,

Feng,

et al. 2024

Coatings

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This study delves into the impact toughness of medium-thick (12 mm thick) titanium alloy joints crafted through a multi-layer, multi-pass welding technique that blends laser-arc (MIG) hybrid welding technology. Microstructural scrutiny, employing optical microscopy, SEM and TEM, unveils a consistent composition across weld passes, with prevailing α/α′ phases interspersed with some β phase, resulting in basket-weave structures primarily dominated by acicular α′ martensite. However, upper regions exhibit Widmanstatten microstructures, potentially undermining joint toughness. Hardness testing indicates higher values in cosmetic layers (~420 HV) compared to backing layers and bending tests manifest superior toughness in lower joint regions, attributed to smaller grain sizes induced by repetitive welding thermal cycles. Impact toughness assessment unveils diminished values in the weld metal (WM) compared to the heat-affected zone (HAZ) and base material (BM), amounting to 91.3% of the base metal’s absorption energy. This decrement is ascribed to heightened porosity in upper regions and variations in grain size and phase composition due to multi-layer, multi-pass welding. Microstructural analysis proximal to failure sites suggests one mechanism wherein crack propagation is impeded by the β phase at acute crack angles. In essence, this study not only underscores the practicality of laser-MIG hybrid welding for medium-thick TC4 alloy plates but also underscores the reliability of joint mechanical properties.

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“…A popular method used in order to improve the process of welding dissimilar metals, particularly with such greatly different thermophysical properties, is the offset (shifting) of the beam from the basic trajectory between the two weld pieces towards one that follows one of the substrates more closely [34][35][36]. Using this technological condition, it is theoretically possible to controllably obtain weld joints with different microstructures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Welding of Ti6Al4V and Al6082-T6 Alloys by a Scanning Electron Beam

Anchev,

Kaisheva,

Kotlarski

et al. 2023

Metals

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This work presents the results of an investigation into the influence of beam offset on the structure and mechanical properties of electron-beam-welded joints between Ti6Al4V and Al6082-T6 alloys. The experimental procedure involved the use of specific technological conditions: an accelerating voltage of 60 kV, an electron beam current of 35 mA, a specimen motion speed of 10 mm/s, and a beam offset of 0.5 mm towards both alloys, as well as welding without an offset. The phase composition of the joints was analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD). The microstructure and chemical composition of the seams were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The results obtained for the structure of the joints show that the beam offset has a significant influence on the structure. The microhardness was studied by means of the Vickers method. The results for the microstructure showed that the welding procedure without offset and with an offset towards the Ti alloy leads to inhomogeneous welded joints with a significant amount of intermetallics. The offset towards the Al alloy leads to the formation of a narrow area of TiAl3 phase. The measured microhardness corresponds to the increased amount of intermetallics in the case of offset towards the Ti alloy, with which the highest values were presented (about 58% higher than with Ti6Al4V plate). The results obtained for tensile properties show that the offset to the Al6082-T6 alloy leads to the highest values of tensile strength (TS) and yield strength (YS), which are twice higher than in welding without offsetting of the electron beam.

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Effect of beam offset on microstructure and mechanical properties of dissimilar electron beam welded high temperature titanium alloys

Cited by 37 publications

References 34 publications

Electron-Beam Welding Cu and Al6082T6 Aluminum Alloys with Circular Beam Oscillations

Electron-Beam Welding Cu and Al6082T6 Aluminum Alloys with Circular Beam Oscillations

Microstructure and Impact Toughness of Laser-Arc Hybrid Welded Joint of Medium-Thick TC4 Titanium Alloy

Welding of Ti6Al4V and Al6082-T6 Alloys by a Scanning Electron Beam

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