Effect of Bean Extract of Yabumame (<i>Amphicarpaea bracteata</i> (L.) Fernald subsp. <i>edgeworthii</i> (Benth.) H.Ohashi) on Low-Density Lipoprotein Oxidation <i>In Vitro</i>

Abstract

Abbreviationsapo; apolipoprotein, AAPH; 2,2'-azobis (2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride, CE-OOH; cholesteryl ester hydroperoxides, DPPH; 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, HNE; 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal, HPLC; high-performance liquid chromatography, LDL; low-density lipoprotein, oxLDL; oxidized LDL, PBS; phosphate buffered saline, ROS; reactive oxygen species, SDS-PAGE; sodium dodecyl sulfatepolyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, TBARS; 2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, YE; yabumame bean extract. Yabumame, a legume family member, similar to hog-peanut, is an important traditional food for the Ainu people of Japan. However, its nutritional components and bioactivities are unknown. It has been suggested that low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation by reactive oxygen species (ROS) may be a key factor in the onset of atherosclerosis.In this study, we evaluated the antioxidant activity of yabumame extract (YE) against LDL oxidation in vitro. vessel wall by reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide anions, hydroxyl radicals, peroxyl radicals, and peroxynitrite may be an early event in the development of atherosclerosis; however, the mechanisms of LDL oxidation in vivo remain unclear (Halliwell and Gutteridge, 2007;Peluso et al., 2012). The major targets of ROS in LDL are polyunsaturated fatty acid residues of phospholipids, cholesterol esters, and triacylglycerol (Arai, 2014). Total polyphenol content in

Evaluating the In Vitro Potential of Natural Extracts to Protect Lipids from Oxidative Damage

“…Plasma thus collected, or commercially obtained, is then subjected to widely validated ultracentrifugation methodologies, commonly used in the fractionation of blood lipoproteins. Because the goal of these LDL particles is to be used in oxidation assays, dialysis of the LDL fraction obtained by centrifugation has been frequently performed [114][115][116][117][118][119], to eliminate metal ions and other contaminating pro-oxidants. For storage purposes, it has been common to solubilize the LDL particles in a buffer containing EDTA [116,117,120], and sometimes an additional antioxidant protection (e.g., BHT) [60].…”

“…Besides, several of these studies have performed time-dependent curves of LPO for different concentrations of substrate and copper (II), as measured by conjugated dienes concentration estimated from absorbance at 234 nm, which provides a solid literature basis to define endpoints, timescales, and concentration ranges to work with. LDL oxidation for the purpose of in vitro determination of LPIP has also been performed by using an organic radical generator-2,2 -azobis (2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH)-as initiator, which is a much more controllable, reproducible manner of inducing oxidation than transition metals [115,123]. In addition, these authors performed the studies by using reliable detection methodologies along time, allowing further method development works to build on this knowledge.…”

Comparison of Anthocyanins, Proanthocyanidin Oligomers and Antioxidant Capacity between Cowpea and Grain Legumes with Colored Seed Coat

“…In addition, it has been reported that cowpeas with a red or black seed coat contain anthocyanins (Ha et al, 2010), flavonols (Cai et al, 2003), and proanthocyanidins (Hachibamba et al, 2013), which are a class of polyphenol compounds referred to as phytochemicals. In recent years, grain legumes with coats pigmented by anthocyanins and proanthocyanidins have been expected to possess various biological activities, including antioxidant (Siddhuraju et al, 2007;Starzyńska-Janiszewska et al, 2015;Wang et al, 2016), anti-inflammatory (Boudjou et al, 2013;Šibul et al, 2016), inhibit low-density lipoprotein oxidation (Cui et al, 2012;Yang et al, 2015), and α-glucosidase inhibition (Sreerama et al, 2012;Tan et al, 2017). However, little information is available on anthocyanins and proanthocyanidins besides their biological activity in cowpeas with black and red seed coats grown in Japan.…”

Effects of oolonghomobisflavan A on oxidation of low-density lipoprotein

“…29) We measured CE-OOH as the major product of lipid peroxidation of LDL induced by AAPH. 12) As shown in Fig. 3, Fig.…”

“…Human LDL was prepared by discontinuous density gradient ultracentrifugation using KBr. 12) Human blood (200 mL) was collected from a healthy volunteer with informed consent after fasting overnight using 0.4% citric acid as an anticoagulant, and blood plasma was separated by centrifugation at 1,200 × g at 4°C for 20 min. KBr solution (d = 1.019, 8 mL) was layered on 16 mL of the plasma and centrifuged at 100,000 × g at 16°C for 16 h. The top lipid layer was removed and density of the lower layer was adjusted to 1.063 by adding KBr.…”