Effect of bike-fit in the perception of comfort, fatigue and pain

Priego-Quesada, José Ignacio; Pérez-Soriano, Pedro; Lucas-Cuevas, Ángel Gabriel; Palmer, Rosario Salvador; Anda, Rosa Ma Cibrián Ortiz de

doi:10.1080/02640414.2016.1215496

Cited by 50 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“… 21 , 22 One study 21 did not assess bicycle pedaling and was limited to clinical description of symptoms and imaging scan. Four studies 23 – 26 did not assess cyclists with injury or pain on the knees but assessed injury-related outcomes that could potentially explain the reason for why cyclists develop knee pain ( Table 2 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential factors associated with knee pain in cyclists: a systematic review

Bini

2018

OAJSM

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The potential factors associated with overuse injuries and pain in cyclists that are supported by evidence remain unclear. Our study aimed at assessing, using a systematic search of the most updated evidence, the main factors related to overuse knee-related pain and/or injuries in cyclists. The search assessed any potential mechanism related to knee pain or injury that could be used in the clinical practice. Databases were searched (i.e., PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and EBSCO). Studies were included if they presented results from original studies. They had to include, preferably but not limited to, recreational and/or competitive cyclists with or without knee pain. Quality of articles was assessed. Eleven articles were deemed eligible for full text appraisal. Studies involved generally the assessment of biomechanical outcomes associated with knee pain in cyclists. Overall, studies showed that cyclists with knee pain present larger knee adduction and larger ankle dorsiflexion and differences in activation for hamstrings and quadriceps muscles. Unclear results were observed for knee moments and no differences were observed for knee flexion angle, tibiofemoral and patellofemoral forces. It is important to state that varied types of knee pain were mixed in most studies, with 2 focused on anterior-related pain. Cyclists with overuse-related pain or injuries on their knees presented an increased medial projection of their knees and an altered activation of the Vastus Medialis and Vastus Lateralis muscles. However, this limited evidence is based on retrospective studies comparing cyclists with and without pain, which limits the conclusion on how cyclists develop knee pain and what are the main options for treatment of knee pain.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential factors associated with knee pain in cyclists: a systematic review

Bini

2018

OAJSM

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“…While previous research has reported the frequency and type of cycling-related cycling [2,5–7], there less research related to the associated risk factors and prevention factors, both of which are fundamental the development of prevention programs that aim to reduce the incidence and severity of injuries [8]. Although studies have hypothesized that risk factors for cycling injuries include sex [2,9] and age [2], modifiable factors such as cycling profile or bicycle equipment [10–12] are also worth examining.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Perceived comfort during cycling can depend on bike components, cycling posture, and environmental factors (e.g. road conditions) [12,16]. Likewise, perceived pain may be associated by certain factors, such as the type of physical activities in which athletes participate [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A retrospective international study on factors associated with injury, discomfort and pain perception among cyclists

et al. 2019

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Although cycling has been associated with overuse/fatigue and acute injuries, there is lack of information regarding associated risk factors and prevention factors. The objective of the study was to determine the factors associated with injury, and perceptions of discomfort and pain in cyclists. A total of 739 cyclists completed an online questionnaire between February and October 2016. The questionnaire acquired information on participant demographics, characteristics related to cycling profile and fitness training, bike components and cycling posture, self-reported perceptions of comfort and pain, and injuries sustained in the last 12 months. Logistic regression models estimated odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) that examined factors associated with reporting overuse/fatigue injury, acute injury, body discomfort, saddle discomfort, and pain while cycling. Odds of reporting an overuse/fatigue injury increased when the cyclists complemented training with running (OR = 1.74; 95%CI = 1.03–2.91) or swimming (OR = 2.17; 95%CI = 1.19–3.88), and with reported pain while cycling (OR = 1.17; 95%CI = 1.05–3.69) and not cycling (OR = 1.76; 95%CI = 1.07–2.90). Odds of reporting an acute injury increased when biking to work (OR = 1.79; 95%CI = 1.07–2.86), and decreased with increased average cycling speed (1-km/h decrease OR = 0.93; 95%CI = 0.88–0.97), and compared to low-end bike, with the use of mid-range (OR = 0.25; 95%CI = 0.09–0.72) and high-end bike (OR = 0.34; 95%CI = 0.13–0.96). Although body discomfort was only associated with saddle discomfort and the presence of pain during cycling, saddle discomfort was also associated with biking to work (OR = 0.46; 95%CI = 0.22–0.88). Finally, pain perception was associated with a number of factors such as ride to work, core training, cycling experience, saddle discomfort, pain while not cycling. Numerous factors are associated with injury, and perceptions of discomfort and pain in cyclists. Such factors should be considered when developing training routines, bicycle maintenance best practices, and injury prevention programs.

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“…6 This method involves determining knee joint flexion angles at the bottom of the crank cycle to attempt obtaining a knee angle close to 30–33°, in order to optimise comfort. 7…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute effects from changes in saddle height in perceived comfort during cycling

Bini

2020

International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching

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Prior research did not provide data on acute adaptations to changes in saddle height as commonly performed in bicycle fitting. This study assessed the acute responses from recreational cyclists to changes in saddle height using dynamic bicycle fitting. Ten recreational cyclists completed five trials using three saddle heights (Preferred, High and Low), one Sham-height trial and a final repeated trial for assessment of intra-session reliability. High and Low saddle heights were determined based on dynamically measured knee flexion angles (±10° from their Preferred height). Trials were performed for 30-s at 90 ± 2 rpm and 2.5 W/kg (181 ± 32 W). Perceived comfort and discomfort and rating of perceived exertion were assessed at the end of each trial. Significant differences were determined when p < 0.05. Increased comfort was observed at the preferred saddle height compared to a lower saddle height ( p = 0.03) but no differences were observed between Preferred and High ( p = 0.69) or High vs. Low ( p = 0.06). The Sham height was also not different from its equivalent saddle height ( p = 0.77) and rating of perceived exertion did not differ between saddle heights ( p = 0.33). Recreational cyclists were generally sensitive to changes in saddle height given they reported different levels of comfort between their preferred and a lower saddle height. Similar levels of comfort were observed when a Sham height was introduced, showing that recreational cyclists identified that no change in saddle height was conducted. However, these cyclists could not report differences in comfort when cycling at a High compared to a Low saddle height.

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Effect of bike-fit in the perception of comfort, fatigue and pain

Cited by 50 publications

References 45 publications

Potential factors associated with knee pain in cyclists: a systematic review

Potential factors associated with knee pain in cyclists: a systematic review

A retrospective international study on factors associated with injury, discomfort and pain perception among cyclists

Acute effects from changes in saddle height in perceived comfort during cycling

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