Effect of Biochar Addition on Maize Growth and Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Acidic Red Soils

Zhu, Quanhong; Peng, Xinhua; Huang, Taiqing; Xie, Zubin; Holden, Nicholas M.

doi:10.1016/s1002-0160(14)60057-6

Cited by 89 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The variations on plant growth rates were mainly between biochar enhanced and unenhanced soils in line with what Zhu et al (2014) had observed. However, crop heights on the 40 th day of the first season did not show significant differences among incorporation methods (p = 0.20).…”

Section: Effects On Crop Growth Ratessupporting

confidence: 90%

Effects of Incorporating Biochar into the Soil Using Power Tiller and Ox-Plough

Ndhlovu¹,

Kiggundu²,

Wanyama³

et al. 2017

SAR

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Existing knowledge about biochar is derived from trials where biochar incorporation into the soil is done by hands, a practice too tedious to scale-up to commercial levels. To enhance scalability, biochar incorporation needs to be integrated into conventional mechanised tillage systems. This study aimed at assessing the effects of incorporating biochar by power tiller and ox-plough on soil water retention, maize growth and yield. A 2 x 3 factorial experiment was conducted in a split-plot design with biochar incorporating method as a main plot factor and biochar level as subplot factor, on ferralsols of central Uganda. Incorporation methods were by power tiller and ox-plough with hand mixing in planting basins as a control, while levels of biochar were 0 and 10 t ha -1 application rates. Data was analysed using two-way ANOVAs in Minitab for significant differences among incorporation methods. Results showed that incorporating biochar by power tiller significantly increased water retention effect of biochar by 27.5% (p < 0.05), while no significant effect was observed (p ≥ 0.05) when incorporated by ox-plough, compared to hand mixing. No significant difference on growth and yield was observed (p ≥ 0.05) as a result of incorporating biochar by power tiller and ox-plough instead of hands in planting basins. These findings suggest that biochar incorporation can be scaled-up, to commercial levels, through the use of power tiller and ox-plough, without negative effects on biochar performance. It is recommended that promotion of biochar technology encompasses the use of power tillers and ox-ploughs to enhance scalability.

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Section: Effects On Crop Growth Ratessupporting

confidence: 90%

Effects of Incorporating Biochar into the Soil Using Power Tiller and Ox-Plough

Ndhlovu¹,

Kiggundu²,

Wanyama³

et al. 2017

SAR

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“…Biochar limbah pertanian merupakan hasil konversi limbah pertanian melalui proses pembakaran tidak sempurna dengan oksigen terbatas. Biochar juga terbukti efektif dalam meningkatkan pH dan sekaligus menurunkan kemasaman tanah khususnya pada lahan kering masam yang banyak ditemui pada lahan pertanian di Indonesia (Nurida et al, 2013;Nurida 2014;Nurida et al, 2015;Zhu et al, 2014). Selain itu, aplikasi biochar pada lahan pertanian mengurangi laju emisi CO2 dan N2O (Zhu et al, 2014;Knoblauch et al, 2010) (Ogawa et al, 2006;Knoblauch et al, 2010).…”

Section: Pendahuluanunclassified

“…Upaya optimalisasi lahan sawah tersebut perlu disertai dengan penanggulangan kemasaman tanah dan perbaikan kesuburan tanah. Guna menanggulangi kemasaman tanah dan memperbaiki produktivitas lahan sawah tersebut maka dengan menggunakan biochar, mengingat biochar mempunyai pH yang cukup tinggi (Nurida et al, 2015;Zhu et al, 2014) dan mampu dalam meretensi hara (Glaser et al, 2002) sehingga hara lebih tersedia bagi tanaman.…”

Section: Hasil Dan Pembahasan Karakteristik Tanah Lokasi Penelitianunclassified

“…Penggenangan awal akan menaikkan pH, namun penambahan bahan amelioran berupa biochar yang mempunyai pH tinggi (>9) juga berkontribusi terhadap peningkatan pH sehingga mampu menurunkan kelarutan besi. Kemampuan biochar dalam meningkatkan pH tanah sudah teruji melalui berbagai penelitian (Knoblauch et al, 2010; Sukartono dan Utomo, 2012; Nurida et al, 2013;Zhu et al, 2014). Pemberian biochar kulit buah kakao menghasilkan pH tanah, P tersedia dan kandungan K lebih tinggi, dan kandungan aluminium lebih rendah dibandingkan biochar sekam padi.…”

Section: Sifat Kimia Tanahunclassified

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Pemanfaatan Biochar Kulit Buah Kakao Dan Sekam Padi Untuk Meningkatkan Produktivitas Padi Sawah Di Ultisol Lampung

2017

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Utilization of Biochar of Cocoa Shell and Rice Husk to Increase Rice Productivity in Ultisol Lampung. Biochar application as soil amendment is technology for soil and crop productivity improvement in acid soil. The main problem of acid soil including in paddy field is high concentration of Al3+ that inhibit crops growth causing low crop production. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of cocoa shell and rice husk biochar on paddy field productivity and soil chemical properties. The study was conducted at Agricultural Research Station of Tamanbogo, East Lampung on June-September 2012 (planting season 1), January-April 2013 (planting season 2) and December 2013-March 2014 (planting season 3). The experimental design was split plot design, which the main plots were two types of biochar (cacao shell and rice husk), the sub plots were biochar rates 0.5 t/ha (control), 5 t/ha and 15 t/ha with five replications. The parameters measured were paddy growth, yield and soil chemical properties (soil pH,C organic, N total, available P, K total, and Al3+ ). The result showed that biochar could affect weight of rice straw and rice yield at the second and third planting season, while biochar rates could affect crop growth and yield of rice at three planting. The effect of cacao shell and rice husk biochar application with the rate of 15 t/ha could up to three planting seasons without any biochar addition in following two consecutives year, whereas addition biochar 5 t/ha was less effective. The cacao shell biochar was more effective in increasing crop growth and yield than rice husk biochar,as seen on dry grain rice yield, i.e. 3.58 t/ha (PS1) and 5.06 t/ha (PS III). During two planting seasons, both biochar at the rate of 15 t/ha were sufficient to improve soil chemical properties. Cacao shell biochar with the rate of 15 t/ha had better effect in improving soil chemical properties significantly in term of soil pH, available P, and total K content and decreasing aluminum content than rice husk biochar especially at second planting season. Keywords: lowland, biochar, rice, Ultisol, LampungABSTRAKAplikasi biochar sebagai pembenah tanah merupakan salah satu teknologi untuk memperbaiki produktivitas tanah dan tanaman pada lahan masam. Permasalahan utama pada lahan masam adalah tingginya konsentrasi Fe3+ yang dapat menghambat pertumbuhan tanaman sehingga menyebabkan rendahnya produksi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mempelajari pengaruh pemberian biochar kulit buah kakao dan sekam padi serta takarannya terhadap peningkatan sifat kimia tanah dan produktivitas padi sawah di Ultisol Lampung. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada lahan sawah di Kebun Percobaan Taman Bogo, Lampung selama tiga musim tanam yaitu bulan Juni-September 2012 (musim tanam pertama), bulan Januari-April 2013 (musim tanam kedua) dan Desember 2013 - Maret 2014 (musim tanam ketiga). Percobaan disusun dalam rancangan kelompok petak terpisah, sebagai petak utama terdiri dari biochar kulit buah kakao dan biochar sekam padi, sedangkan sebagai anak petak adalah takaran biochar yaitu tanpa biochar (kontrol 0 t/ha), 5 t/ha dan 15 t/ha, dengan 5 kali ulangan. Parameter yang diamati meliputi pertumbuhan dan hasil padi, sifat kimia tanah (pH, C-organik, N-total, P-tersedia, K-total dan Al3+ ). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jenis biochar hanya berpengaruh nyata terhadap berat jerami kering dan hasil gabah pada musim tanaman kedua dan ketiga, sedangkan takaran biochar berpengaruh nyata terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil padi pada ke tiga musim tanam. Pengaruh pemberian biochar kulit buah kakao dan sekam padi 15 t/ha mampu bertahan sampai tiga musim tanam dilihat dari pertumbuhan dan hasil padi sawah, sedangkan pemberian biochar 5 t/ha bertahan satu musim saja. Efektivitas biochar kulit buah kakao dalam mendukung pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman lebih tinggi dibandingkan sekam padi terlihat dari hasil gabah kering panen sebesar 3,58 t/ha (MT II) dan 5,06 t/ha (MT III). Selama dua musim tanam pemberian biochar kulit buah kakao sebanyak 15 t/ha juga mampu meningkatkan pH tanah, P tersedia, dan kandungan K tetapi menurunkan kandungan aluminium melebihi biochar sekam padi terutama pada musim tanam kedua.Kata kunci: produktivitas, padi sawah, biochar, Ultisol

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“…There are also numerous papers that identify the impact of biochar on growth, yield, and quality on crops such as rice, maize, soybean, pepper, etc. [22] [23] [24] [25]. However, there were few papers that compared the effect of rice husk and bamboo biochar, two available materials in Asian regions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Different Expressions of Draft Cherry Tomato Growth, Yield, Quality under Bamboo and Rice Husk Biochars Application to Clay Loamy Soil

Hien¹,

Shinogi²,

Taniguchi³

2017

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This study evaluated the different expressions of cherry tomato growth, yield and quality under bamboo and rice husk biochar applications to soil. The experiment was conducted under glasshouse conditions at Hakozaki campus, Kyushu University, Japan and consisted of 5 treatments, namely 1) no biochar application as a control; 2) 2% (RH2) and 3) 5% (RH5) of rice husk biochar; 4) 2% (BB2) and 5) 5% (BB5) of bamboo biochar. Bamboo biochar application significantly improved tomato growth, including number of leaves, fresh biomass yield of aboveground and underground parts for BB5; number of fruit; fresh yield from 24% -25% for BB2 and BB5. In particular, both bamboo and rice husk biochar application at two rates 2% and 5% had positive effects on tomato quality, demonstrated by the increased total sugar content from 56% to 91%, and the enhancement of ascorbic acid content for BB2 and RH2 by 12% and 17%, respectively. Those improvements reflected the soil physiochemical property changes after biochar application, including the increase in plant available water for bamboo biochar amendment before and after cultivating by 25% -38% and 9% -18%, respectively, compared with those of control; and the increased total soil N for bamboo biochar treatments (11% -14%). Generally, all data above support bamboo biochar utilization for the purpose of improving soil properties and developing crop production.

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Effect of Biochar Addition on Maize Growth and Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Acidic Red Soils

Cited by 89 publications

References 30 publications

Effects of Incorporating Biochar into the Soil Using Power Tiller and Ox-Plough

Effects of Incorporating Biochar into the Soil Using Power Tiller and Ox-Plough

Pemanfaatan Biochar Kulit Buah Kakao Dan Sekam Padi Untuk Meningkatkan Produktivitas Padi Sawah Di Ultisol Lampung

The Different Expressions of Draft Cherry Tomato Growth, Yield, Quality under Bamboo and Rice Husk Biochars Application to Clay Loamy Soil

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