Effect of biochar and nitrapyrin on nitrous oxide and nitric oxide emissions from a sandy loam soil cropped to maize

A Nitrification Inhibitor, Nitrapyrin, Reduces Potential Nitrate Leaching through Soil Columns Treated with Animal Slurries and Anaerobic Digestate

“…Finally, the majority of the works on nitrapyrin in the literature compare different soils or one type of manure product with mineral fertilizers [3,4,7,23,24]. The application of nitrapyrin together with different kinds of fertilizers demonstrates its higher efficacy with slurry, manure, or digestate than with mineral fertilizers.…”

“…However, the application of these by-products may lead to nitrate (NO 3 − -N) leaching and runoff, ammonia (NH 3 ) volatilization, and nitrous and nitric oxide (N 2 O, NO) emissions [1,2]. This occurs particularly with low N uptake by crops, and where the soil moisture is higher than the water-holding capacity [3,4]. However, it is widely recognized that nitrification inhibitors are able to maintain the N applied to the soil in the ammonium form (NH 4 + -N) [5] through the biological immobilization of the N fertilizer [6].…”

“…Therefore, nitrification inhibitors can reduce the NH 4 + to NO 3 − oxidation rate, thus increasing N uptake [4]. A wide range of nitrification inhibitors are available, and one of the most common is nitrapyrin (2-chloro-6-(trichloromethyl) pyridine), which is able to inhibit nitrification through copper chelation, thereby inactivating the ammonia monooxygenase enzyme that catalyzes NH 4 + oxidation [5,7,8].…”

“…Moreover, Abbasi et al [5] demonstrated that nitrapyrin addition could increase the soil NH 4 + -N concentration, decrease the NO 3 − -N content, and reduce the N 2 O emissions, with a 30% increase in N recovery. The majority of the studies in the literature dealing with nitrapyrin efficiency have been carried out using mineral fertilizers as the N source, such as urea, and few have taken into consideration the use of cattle or pig slurry, or manure [3,4,7,13]. Indeed, no studies were found in which nitrapyrin had been tested in co-application with different N sources derived from animal slurries and digestates, and when these N sources were considered in the same work, the nitrification inhibitor was not nitrapyrin.…”

Nitrification Inhibitor 3,4-Dimethylpyrazole Phosphate Application During the Later Stage of Apple Fruit Expansion Regulates Soil Mineral Nitrogen and Tree Carbon–Nitrogen Nutrition, and Improves Fruit Quality

“…However, a previous study found that DMPP significantly increased urea-N loss, which was due to the abundant 15 NH 4 + -N retention and absence of plants in the soil condition with a high pH (Xu et al, 2019). These findings suggest that different environmental parameters (e.g., moisture, temperature, soil texture, pH, and the quality and quantity of soil organic matter) are modulated by the climate and agricultural management strategies, which should be considered when applying nitrification inhibitors (Niu et al, 2018;Zhang et al, 2019).…”