Effect of biofilm on the survival of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from raw milk in high temperature and drying environment

Shen, Jiawei; Wang, Hui; Zhu, Chengfeng; Zhang, Maofeng; Shang, Fei; Xue, Ting

doi:10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110672

Cited by 21 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…is result is consistent with some studies that also reported that most of the S. aureus strains recovered from milk were biofilm producers [50,51]. is result confirms that the majority of S. aureus isolated from raw milk are biofilm producers [52]. According to Shen et al, the presence of milk may play an important role in biofilm production by S. aureus [52].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

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Relationship between Biofilm Formation and Antibiotic Resistance and Adherence Genes in Staphylococcus aureus Strains Isolated from Raw Cow Milk in Shahrekord, Iran

Pajohesh

Tajbakhsh

Momtaz

et al. 2022

International Journal of Microbiology

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The production of biofilms by S. aureus contributes significantly to treatment failures. The present study aims to establish the relationship between biofilm formation and antibiotic resistance and adhesion genes in Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from raw cow milk in Shahrekord, Iran. A total of 90 samples of raw cow’s milk were collected. Presumptive S. aureus strains were obtained using Baird-Parker plates after enrichment in tryptone soy broth, and final colonies were selected from brain heart infusion. Additional tests such as coagulase were done, and the identification was confirmed by the detection of the aroA gene. Biofilm producing strains were screened using a spectrophotometry method applied to microplates. Crystal violet staining was used to quantify the formation of biofilm. An antibiotic susceptibility test was performed using the Kirby–Bauer disc diffusion method. PCR was used to detect several biofilm and antibiotics resistance related genes. The chi-square test and Fisher’s exact test were used to establish a statistically significant relationship between biofilm reaction and antibiotic resistance ( p value <0.05). Results show a moderate (38.88%) recovery rate of S. aureus in milk and 65.71% of the isolates were strong biofilm producers. Antibiotic susceptibility tests show an alarming rate of resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics, especially penicillin (100%), ampicillin (91.42%), and oxacillin (71.42%). This finding correlates with antibiotic resistance gene detection, in which the gene blaZ was most found (71.42%), followed by mecA and Aac-D (42.85%). Detection of biofilm-related genes shows that all the genes targeted were found among S. aureus isolates. Statistical tests show a significant correlation between biofilm production and antibiotic resistance in S. aureus. This study revealed that there is a significant correlation between biofilm production and antibiotic resistance in S. aureus isolated from raw milk. These results highlight the need for regular surveillance of the occurrence of S. aureus strains in milk and milk products in Iran.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…This result confirms that the majority of S. aureus isolated from raw milk are biofilm producers [ 52 ]. According to Shen et al, the presence of milk may play an important role in biofilm production by S. aureus [ 52 ]. The sugar (glucose) content of the milk positively influenced biofilm formation [ 53 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Relationship between Biofilm Formation and Antibiotic Resistance and Adherence Genes in Staphylococcus aureus Strains Isolated from Raw Cow Milk in Shahrekord, Iran

Pajohesh

Tajbakhsh

Momtaz

et al. 2022

International Journal of Microbiology

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“…In this study, the vitro biofilm formation assay showed that all our isolates could form biofilms, and at least 80% of isolates showed the ability to produce strong biofilms. A previous study by Shen et al (2021) showed that the biofilm formation abilities of raw milk isolates were stronger than that of human origin strains when milk was present. Pereyra et al (2016) found that icaA and icaD genes were detected in all bovine milk isolates, whereas the biofilm-related genes icaB and icaC were detected in all strains in this study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Genomic epidemiology and characterization of Staphylococcus aureus isolates from raw milk in Jiangsu, China: emerging broader host tropism strain clones ST59 and ST398

Liu,

Ji,

Wang

et al. 2023

Front. Microbiol.

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Staphylococcus aureus is highly pathogenic and can cause disease in both humans and domestic animals. The aim of this study was to investigate the genomic epidemiology of S. aureus isolates from raw milk in Jiangsu Province, China, to identify predominant lineages and their associated genomic and phenotypic characteristics. In this study, we identified 117 S. aureus isolates collected from 1,062 samples in Jiangsu Province between 2021 and 2022. Based on whole-genome sequencing (WGS) data from 117 S. aureus isolates, molecular analyses indicated CC1-ST1 (26.50%, 31/117), CC97-ST97 (18.80%, 22/117), CC398-ST398 (10.26%, 12/117), CC8-ST630 (7.69%, 9/117) and CC59-ST59 (2.56%, 3/117) were the major lineages. The prevalence of mecA-positive strains was 11.11%. Four methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) lineages were found, including MRSA-ST59-t172 (n = 3), OS-MRSA-ST398-t011 (n = 1), MRSA-ST630-t2196 (n = 2) and OS-MRSA-ST630-t2196 (n = 7). Phenotypic resistance to penicillin (30.77%, 36/117), ciprofloxacin (17.09%, 20/117) and erythromycin (15.38%, 18/117) was observed which corresponded with resistance genotypes. All of the isolates could produce biofilms, and 38.46% (45/117) of isolates had invasion rates in mammary epithelial cells (MAC-T) of greater than 1%. Interestingly, most biofilm-producing and invading isolates harbored ebp-icaA-icaB-icaC-icaR-clfA-clfB-fnbA-fnbB-sdrC-sdrD-sdrE-map-can (27.35%, 32/117) and ebp-icaA-icaB-icaC-icaD-icaR-clfA-clfB-fnbA-fnbB-sdrC-sdrD-sdrE-map (33.33%, 39/117) adherence-associated gene patterns and belonged to lineages CC1 and CC97, respectively. Virulence factor assays showed that 47.01% of the isolates contained at least enterotoxin genes. Isolates harboring the immune evasion cluster (IEC) genes (sea, sak, chp, and scn) were predominantly categorized as STs 464, 398, and 59. IEC-positive ST398 and ST59 isolates contained a very high proportion of virulence genes located on prophages, whereas most IEC-negative ST398 clade isolates carried broad-spectrum drug resistance genes. Meanwhile, the IEC-positive ST398 clade showed a close genetic relationship with isolates from the pork supply chain and hospital surgical site infections. MRSA-ST59 strains showed the closest genetic relationship with an isolate from quick-frozen products. High-risk livestock-associated strains ST398 and MRSA-ST59 were detected in raw milk, indicating a potential public health risk of S. aureus transmission between livestock and humans. Our study highlights the necessity for S. aureus surveillance in the dairy industry.

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“…According to previous studies, S. aureus survives better in lower relative humidity (34%) and the survival declines as the relative humidity increases [ 15 , 16 ]. Staphylococcus aureus is also capable of forming biofilms, which improves its survival in challenging conditions [ 17 , 18 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Survival of livestock-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus CC398 on different surface materials

et al. 2023

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Background Zoonotic livestock-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (LA-MRSA) is widely spread in pig herds in many countries. However, the knowledge regarding the survival of LA-MRSA in the pig farm environment is currently limited. The aim of this study was to assess the survival of LA-MRSA on different surface materials found in the farm environment. The study investigated the survival of two different LA-MRSA strains belonging to the clonal complex (CC) 398 on four different surfaces: stainless steel, polypropylene plastic, K30 concrete and commercial concrete disk coupons. The survival of the bacteria over time was determined by the viable count method and, where possible, fitting a model to the observed data by using nonlinear least squares method to calculate the half-life ($${t}_{1/2}$$ t 1 / 2 ) for different strain and material combinations. Results The study showed that the half-life of the bacteria was longer on polypropylene plastic ($${t}_{1/2}$$ t 1 / 2 =11.08–15.78 days) than on stainless steel ($${t}_{1/2}$$ t 1 / 2 =2.45–7.83 days). On these materials, both LA-MRSA strains survived through the 14 week observation period. The bacterial decay was fastest on the concrete surfaces, where LA-MRSA became undetectable after 3–9 weeks. Conclusions The survival of LA-MRSA in the pig farm environment may be affected by different surface materials. A more frequent sampling protocol (< 7 days) is needed to determine the half-life on concrete surfaces.

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Effect of biofilm on the survival of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from raw milk in high temperature and drying environment

Cited by 21 publications

References 62 publications

Relationship between Biofilm Formation and Antibiotic Resistance and Adherence Genes in Staphylococcus aureus Strains Isolated from Raw Cow Milk in Shahrekord, Iran

Relationship between Biofilm Formation and Antibiotic Resistance and Adherence Genes in Staphylococcus aureus Strains Isolated from Raw Cow Milk in Shahrekord, Iran

Genomic epidemiology and characterization of Staphylococcus aureus isolates from raw milk in Jiangsu, China: emerging broader host tropism strain clones ST59 and ST398

Survival of livestock-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus CC398 on different surface materials

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