Effect of biofloc on the survival and growth of the postlarvae of three penaeids (Litopenaeus vannamei, Fenneropenaeus chinensis, and Marsupenaeus japonicus) and their biofloc feeding efficiencies, as related to the morphological structure of the third maxilliped

Abstract

A B S T R A C TBioflocs contribute to the nutrition and growth of some penaeid shrimp, such as L. vannamei, by providing an additional food source in intensive, limited exchange production systems. However, it remains unclear whether other penaeids could use bioflocs as food sources. Furthermore, little is known concerning the feeding mechanism of shrimp for harvesting and consuming bioflocs. This study determines whether three penaeid species could use bioflocs as food sources and suggests mechanical functions of the third maxilliped to collect bioflocs in a water column. The postlarvae of L. vannamei, F. chinensis, and M. japonicus were assessed in 14-day culture trials with four treatments: biofloc water with feeding (BF-f), natural seawater with feeding (SW-f), biofloc water without feeding (BF-nf), and natural seawater without feeding (SW-nf). Litopenaeus vannamei exhibited a significantly higher specific growth rate (SGR) in the BF-f treatment than in the SW-f treatment, whereas the other two species did not demonstrate any differences in their SGR and survival rate between BF-f and SW-f treatments, suggesting that bioflocs might contribute to the growth of L. vannamei postlarvae but do not affect the survival and growth of F. chinensis or M. japonicus. The results obtained from the non-feeding experiments implied a filter feeding habit of L. vannamei and a cannibalistic habit of F. chinensis. Differences in the third maxillipeds are relevant in this regard. The feeding mechanism of M. japonicus with intermediate features of setae requires further study. The present study may contribute to understanding the different feeding abilities of bioflocs as food source in currently farmed penaeid shrimp in the Far East Asian countries.

Use of biofloc technology in shrimp aquaculture: a comprehensive review, with emphasis on the last decade

“…Significant effects of bioflocs on the growth, immune and antioxidant response of other commercially important farmed species, including black tiger (P. monodon) (Anand et al 2014(Anand et al , 2017Kumar et al 2017) and L. stylirostris (Cardona et al 2016) have also been documented. Similar results were also reported in freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) (Miao et al 2017) and Chinese shrimp (F. chinensis) (Kim et al 2015) where augmentation of biofloc medium with Bacillus improved immune response and reduced oxidative stress.…”

“…The effects of bioflocs on larval performance may depend on shrimp species. For example, Kim et al (2015) evaluated the effects of bioflocs as natural food sources for the postlarvae (PL10-PL20) of three Penaeid species (L. vannamei, F. chinensis and M. japonicus), in the presence or absence of supplemental feeds (45% cp). The presence of both biofloc and feeds resulted in better growth rate of L. vannamei PL than in biofloc-based treatment, whereas the growth and survival rates of the other two species were not affected by dietary treatments.…”

“…2017) and Chinese shrimp ( F. chinensis ) (Kim et al . 2015) where augmentation of biofloc medium with Bacillus improved immune response and reduced oxidative stress.…”

Bacteria as food in aquaculture: do they make a difference?

“…Kim et al . () compared efficiency of biofloc‐culture for postlarvae of three penaeid species ( L. vannamei , Fenneropenaeus chinensis and Marsupenaeus japonicus ) and related this to the morphological structure of the third maxilliped. Results indicated that L. vannamei postlarvae may have higher filter‐feeding capacity, and therefore nutritionally benefit more from the bioflocs, compared with the other two species.…”

Exploiting the Freshwater Shrimp Neocaridina denticulata as Aquatic Invertebrate Model to Evaluate Nontargeted Pesticide Induced Toxicity by Investigating Physiologic and Biochemical Parameters

“…The heart is a vital organ for cardiovascular circulation in shrimp. Cardiovascular dysfunction has been used to evaluate environmental toxicants as significant risk factors in crustaceans [ 34 , 35 ]. The maxilliped is one of the three pairs of appendages located immediately behind the maxillae of shrimp and plays multiple functions on feeding and facilitating oxygen uptake [ 36 , 37 ].…”