Effect of biosecurity measures and early detection systems, mitigation measures and surveillance strategies on the spread of HPAI and LPAI between farms

Abstract

An extensive literature review was performed to provide insights on the effect of biosecurity and control measures on the risk of introduction and spread of avian influenza in the domestic poultry sector, whether there are gaps in surveillance on wild birds, and to investigate the trigger thresholds for early detection activities through passive surveillance. A total of 1390 articles were retrieved from on-line databases, including Thomson-Reuters Web of Knowledge, PubMed, Ovid and Medline. After removing duplicates 788 studies were screened, and 194 papers were fully read to evaluate whether they could provide reliable information. Twenty-seven papers were considered relevant for assessing the effect of biosecurity and control measures, 7 were included in the assessment of early detection thresholds, and 66 provided information on surveillance gaps in wild birds. Due to the different types of studies included in the review, it resulted impossible to make direct comparison between the results obtained in the articles, as many of them did not report quantitative assessments of the effects of interest. Instead of a formal comparison between studies, the results were reported to provide recommendations on the research questions, also supplying evidences obtained through quantitative analysis and mathematical modeling. Nevertheless it was possible to assess the likely effects of control measures such as pre-emptive culling of farms nearby infected premises, ring vaccination and compartmentalization. Insights on early detection measures provided useful information to reconsider the passive surveillance thresholds to be accounted for to avoid the undetected circulation of avian influenza. The reporting of surveillance on wild birds allowed to identify species to be integrated within the commonly considered target species, and procedures to optimize activities by focusing on defined areas and temporal periods, in the context of a fine tuned Risk Based Surveillance plan. © IZSVe, 2016Key words: avian influenza, biosecurity, surveillance, early detection, introduction, spread Disclaimer: The present document has been produced and adopted by the bodies identified above as authors. This task has been carried out exclusively by the authors in the context of a contract between the European Food Safety Authority and the authors, awarded following a tender procedure. The present document is published complying with the transparency principle to which the Authority is subject. It may not be considered as an output adopted by the Authority. The European Food Safety Authority reserves its rights, view and position as regards the issues addressed and the conclusions reached in the present document, without prejudice to the rights of the authors.Suggested citation: Mulatti P, Dorotea T, Vieira JT, Bonfanti Lebana, Marangon S, 2016. Effect of biosecurity measures and early detection systems, mitigation measures and surveillance strategies on the spread of HPAI and LPAI between farms. EFSA supporting publication 2016:EN-1142....

Urgent request on avian influenza

“…In case of an outbreak in a poultry holding, efficient measures to prevent AI spread outside the holding (biocontainment) are; prompt detection of infection, closure of the holding, immediate depopulation and cleansing/disinfection of the affected holding, as well as a temporary ban on restocking (see Mulatti et al, 2016). However, these measures are not further elaborated since the sections below focus on preventive actions in periods when AI virus exposure to the holding is assumed and hence increased implementation of biosecurity measures is required.…”

Adoption of bio-security measures against avian-influenza outbreaks among poultry farmers in Jigawa State, Nigeria

“…This implies that the diseases is taken a recurrent pattern and therefore pandemic is eminent. The outbreak of Avian Influenza in Nigeria has led to job losses, health problems, reduction in expected income of poultry farmers and a decrease in the demand for poultry products Bio-security and early detection measures to reduce the risk of HPAI H5N1 introduction into poultry holdings are laid down as the best, cheap, easy and sustainable measure against infectious poultry diseases (Mulatti et al, 2016). According to Conan, Goutard, Sorn, and Vong, (2012), the HPAI spreads primarily through human activities and is susceptible to bio-security measures (BSM) along the production and marketing chain.…”

Are There Effective Intervention Measures in Broiler Production against the ESBL/AmpC Producer Escherichia coli?

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