Effect of Bisphenol (A) on the Cerebellar Cortex of Albino Rats and Possible Protective Effect of Omega 3

Abstract

Background: Bisphenol A is the most commercially used of bisphenol groups in plastic industry. It induces oxidative damage in the brain of rats. Aim of Study: The present work investigates the adverse effects of bisphenol A (5mg/kg/day) on the cerebellar cortex of albino rat's offspring of treated mothers throughout pregnancy and lactation and the possible protective effect of omega 3. Material and Methods: Fifty pregnant albino rats were used in this work. They were divided into 4 groups: I-Control group (Group C); half of them did not receive any substance with their pallets (Group CN). The other half were given 0.54ml of corn oil/rat (Group CR). II-Omega 3 treated group (Group O); each rat was given 0.54ml of corn oil (contained 54mg of omega 3). III-Bisphenol A treated group (Group B); each rat was given 0.54ml of corn oil (contained 6.3mg of bisphenol A). IV-Bisphenol A and omega 3 treated group (Group BO); each rat was given the same dose of bisphenol A in Group B plus the dose of omega 3 in Group O. The treatments were given as a single daily dose orally by gastric tube throughout pregnancy and for 2 weeks after delivery. The cerebelli of the offspring of all groups were extracted at the ends of the 2nd and 8th weeks and prepared for light and electron microscopic examination and morphometric study. Results: Light and electron microscopic examinations and morphometric study showed that bisphenol A induced various signs of delayed development in the cerebellar cortex. It also induced degeneration and necrosis of the cerebellar cells and nerve fibers in the form of cytoplasmic vacuoles, dilated rough endoplasmic reticulum, swollen and degenerated mitochondria with destructed cristae. Nuclear changes were observed also in form of karyolysis, pyknosis, karyorrhexis and finally nuclear disappearance. Beside that there was decrease in the number of Purkinje cells. The deleterious effects of bisphenol A on the cerebellar cortex were irreversible on stoppage of its administration. However, combined administration of omega 3 with bisphenol A alleviated the majority of its adverse effects.