Effect of Black Garlic Extract on Cytokine Generation of Mouse Spleen Cells

Abstract

The effect of black garlic extract on the activation of spleen cells from a C57BL6 mouse was investigated to examine immune activities of of fermented black garlic containing a variety of bioactive substances. xtract obtained from the concentration of commercial Namhae black garlic was used for the analysis of immune activities. Treatment with the extract increased the expression of interleukin-2 (IL-2) cytokine. The simultaneous administration of the extract plus lipopolysaccharide (LPS) increased the expression of IL-2, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and interferon (IFN)-γ compared with that of a control group. This result suggests that cellular immunity can be induced by macrophages, resulting in the expression of T lymphocytes and T helper type 1 (Th1) cells. In addition, treatment with the extract increased the late response of IL-6 cytokines, and the extract plus LPS augmented the expression of IL-4 and IL-6 compared with that of an LPS-treated group. Meanwhile, the extract plus LPS decreased the late response of IL-10, suggesting that humoral immunity can be activated by stimulating B lymphocytes, suppressing cellular immunity, and effectively modulating the conversion into humoral immune responses. These findings demonstrate that the black garlic extract activates

Antioxidant activity and immune-enhancing effect of aqueous leaf Elaeagnus multiflora Thunb

“…Th2 cells play a major role in humoral immunity by producing antibodies and suppressing the action of Th1 cells. In the immune system, Th2 cells maintain homeostasis due to the Th1/Th2 cell balance (Seo et al, 2013). We measured IL-4 and IL-10 in Th2 cells.…”

“…IL-4 is secreted by T, B, and NK cells, monocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, eosinophils, vascular endothelial cells, and fibroblasts. It targets and induces the differentiation and proliferation of Th2 cells and simultaneously increases the number of CD4 + T cells (Seo et al, 2013). Spleen cells treated with ConA and those treated with only the extract were cultured for 48 h, and then IL-4 levels were measured.…”

Immuno-stimulating Activities of Skipjack Tuna Katsuwonus pelamis Cooking Juice Concentrates on Mouse Macrophages and Spleen Cells

“…Th1 cytokine (Seo et al, 2013), IFN-, TNF-IL-2 T cell , TNF- (Asadulah et al, 2003 (Seo et al, 2013). , Th2 cytokine .…”

“…T cell cytokine (Seo et al, 2013), IL-6 T cell cytokine , . B cell (Cho et al, 2014;Ha et al, 2006).…”

“…IL-10 , , T B cell, NK cell, mast cell T cell cytokine (anti-inflammatory cytokine) (Lee et al, 2013), cytokine (Sohn et al, 2012), IL-4 IL-6 T B cell , IL-10 . , Kim et al (2012) , IL-10 , Seo et al (2013…”