Effect of Black Mustard (Brassica nigra) on the Interaction between Immune and Biotransformation Systems of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Exposed to Benzo-a-Pyrene

Abstract

Aquatic pollutants are responsible form any alterations in fish health. Our study was designed to examine the efficacy of dietary supplement of black mustard seed, Brassica nigra (30% crude and 1% alcoholic extract) on enhancement the immunity and detoxification response of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus after exposed to a hydrocarbon pollutant; Benzo-a-Pyrene (BaP). Fish were divided into 3 groups before being fed for 28 days with crude black mustard seeds,1% alcoholic extract and un-supplemented commercial diet as the control. At the end of experiment, fish were exposed to 1 mg LG 1 of BaP for 24 h. Humoral immune parameters (lysozyme activity, antiprotease activity and total protein),ethoxyresorufin-o-deethylase (EROD) and hepatic cytochrome P450 1A1 content (CYP1A1) were investigated. Results recorded high significant difference (p<0.05) of antiprotease and total protein values in group fed with 1% extract followed by crude seeds as compared with control. The highest significant lysozyme activity (p<0.05) was recorded also in group fed with 1% extract as compared with other groups. On the other hand the extract group revealed a significant decrease in EROD (p<0.05) and CYP1A1 content compared to other groups. Which lowering the possible toxic effect of bio-transformed metabolic intermediate compounds.While the EROD activity and CYP1A1 content in group fed with the crude seeds showed increase over the control one. Therefore, the results suggest using of black mustard extract as a dietary supplement to increase the immune function and enhance the detoxification process of pollutants and hence, reduce the harmful effect of aquatic pollutants on Nile tilapia health.

Onion (Allium cepa) improves Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) resistance to saprolegniasis (Saprolegnia parasitica) and reduces immunosuppressive effects of cadmium

“…Apines-Amar et al ( 2012) demonstrated that feeding grouper, Epinephelus fuscoguttatus, on onions and ginger-based diets enhanced the innate immune responses and protected fish against experimental infection with Vibrio harveyi. Similar enhancement of nonspecific immune responses was noticed in tilapia fed numerous medicinal herbs such as Brassica nigra (Abbas et al 2016), Moringa oleifera , curcumin (Elgendy et al 2016), fenugreek (Abbas et al, 2019a, b), garlic (Alam et al 2019), and Nigella sativa (Elkamel and Mosaad 2012). Protease, antiprotease, and peroxidase are essential antibacterial components in fish immunedefense mechanisms that play critical roles in protection against invading pathogens .…”

Investigations on the influence of Moringa oleifera on the growth, haematology, immunity and disease resistance in Oreochromis niloticus with special reference to the analysis of antioxidant activities by PAGE electrophoresis

“…Similarly, feeding O . niloticus on diets with 1% Brassica nigra extract stimulated fish immunity with a significant increase ( p < 0.05) in lysozyme activity (Abbas et al, 2016). Lysozyme has long been considered one of the first fish defence lines (Yin et al, 2009).…”

“…oleifera ; meanwhile, serum antiprotease and peroxidase levels did not show significant changes. Additionally, enhancement of antiproteases was noticed in fish fed dietary supplementation either with Brassica nigra seeds or leek, Allium ampeloprasum L. (Abbas & Awad, 2016; Abbas et al, 2016). It was well established that antiproteases possess potent anti‐inflammatory and bactericidal properties against bacterial invasion (Esteban, 2012; Jurado et al, 2015).…”