Effect of body weight and energy intake on body composition analysis of broiler breeder hens

Salas, C.; Ekmay, R. D.; England, Judy; Cerrate, S.; Coon, C. N.

doi:10.3382/ps/pey377

Cited by 12 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…In the current study, the extra feed allocation and thus higher BW resulted in a higher abdominal fat pad. This was according to expectations and in line with other studies ( Renema et al., 2001b ; Robinson et al., 2007 ; Van Emous et al., 2013 ; Van der Klein et al., 2018 ; Salas et al., 2019 ), as body composition is related to feed allocation ( Robinson et al., 2007 ) and diet composition ( Spratt and Leeson, 1987 ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Sexual maturation depends on physiological cues, such as photorefractory and photosensitivity ( Gous and Cherry, 2004 ; Van der Klein et al., 2018 ; Van Emous et al., 2018 ), but metabolic cues are suggested to play a role as well ( Bédécarrats et al., 2016 ; Hanlon et al., 2020 ; Van der Klein et al., 2020 ). It has been suggested that broiler breeders require a certain protein threshold for sexual maturation ( Sun et al., 2006 ; Eitan et al., 2014 ; Salas et al., 2019 ), whereas others emphasize the presence of a fat threshold for sexual maturation ( Van der Klein et al., 2018 ; Zuidhof, 2018 ; Hadinia et al., 2020 ). In the current study, a 1.6% higher abdominal fat pad was observed at 21 wk of age for EGC breeders compared to SGC breeders, indicating an approximately 84 g higher body fat mass ( Zuidhof, 2018 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In broiler breeders, changes in body composition are often due to either differences in growth curve or diet composition. A higher growth curve during rearing resulted in a higher body fat mass at 20 wk of age ( Sun and Coon, 2005 ; Van Emous et al., 2013 ; Salas et al., 2019 ). Feeding a higher dietary energy-to-protein ratio during rearing, while maintaining a similar growth curve by pair-gaining, led to a higher body fat mass and a lower body lean mass at 20 wk of age compared to a lower dietary energy-to-protein ratio ( Van Emous et al., 2013 , 2015 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Feeding a higher dietary energy-to-protein ratio during rearing, while maintaining a similar growth curve by pair-gaining, led to a higher body fat mass and a lower body lean mass at 20 wk of age compared to a lower dietary energy-to-protein ratio ( Van Emous et al., 2013 , 2015 ). In the indicated studies, however, contrasts in growth curve or diet composition were only maintained until 20 wk of age, resulting in breeders having the same body fat mass during production, irrespective of the initial BW and body fat mass differences at 20 wk of age ( Sun and Coon, 2005 ; Van Emous et al., 2013 , 2015 ; Salas et al., 2019 ). This may explain the absence of differences in egg production in these studies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impact of growth curve and dietary energy-to-protein ratio on productive performance of broiler breeders

Heijmans

Duijster²,

Gerrits

et al. 2021

Poultry Science

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The impact of growth curve ( GC ) and dietary energy-to-protein ratio on productive performance of broiler breeder females was investigated from 0 to 60 wk of age. One-day-old pullets (n = 1,536) were randomly allotted to 24 pens according to a 2 × 4 factorial arrangement, with 2 GC (standard growth curve = SGC or elevated growth curve = EGC , +15%) and 4 diets, differing in energy-to-protein ratio (96%, 100%, 104%, or 108% AME n ). Feed allocation per treatment was adapted weekly based on the desired GC, meaning that breeders fed the different diets within each GC were fed according to a paired-gain strategy. Linear and quadratic contrasts for energy-to-protein ratio for each GC were evaluated. Elevated growth curve breeders had an earlier sexual maturity (∆ = 4.1 d) than SGC breeders. Egg weight was higher for EGC breeders (∆ = 2.3 g) than for SGC breeders over the whole laying phase (22–60 wk). No differences between EGC and SGC breeders were observed on settable egg production. An increase in dietary energy-to-protein, at a similar BW, led to a linear increase in age at sexual maturity (β = 0.14 d/% AME n ). From 22 to 40 wk of age, an increase in dietary energy-to-protein ratio led to a linear decrease in egg weight (β = -0.06 g/% AME n ), regardless of GC. An interaction between GC and dietary energy-to-protein ratio was observed on settable egg production in this phase. An increase in dietary energy-to-protein ratio led to a linear decrease on settable egg production, which was more profound in EGC breeders (β = -0.70 eggs/% AME n ) than in SGC breeders (β = -0.19 eggs/% AME n ). From 41 to 60 wk of age, an interaction between GC and dietary energy-to-protein ratio was observed on egg weight. In the EGC, an increase in dietary energy-to-protein ratio led to a linear decrease in egg weight (β = -0.13 g/% AME n ), whereas in the SGC, a linear increase in egg weight was observed (β = 0.03 g/% AME n ). From 41 to 60 wk of age, no differences between diets were observed on settable egg production. It can be concluded that a higher GC of breeders has beneficial effects on egg weight, while maintaining settable egg production. Feeding breeders a lower dietary energy-to-protein ratio stimulated productive performance of broiler breeder hens, mainly during the first phase of lay. This effect was more profound when breeders were fed according to a higher GC.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Impact of growth curve and dietary energy-to-protein ratio on productive performance of broiler breeders

Heijmans

Duijster²,

Gerrits

et al. 2021

Poultry Science

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“…For example, genetic correlations between FCR and RFI were higher in broilers assessed from 28 to 35 D (0.31) compared with broilers assessed from 35 to 42 D (0.84, Aggrey et al., 2010 ). In addition, the level and composition of gain changes during the lifetime ( Vignale et al., 2017 , Salas et al., 2019 ); therefore, ME m requirements might change as a result of body composition changes ( Sakomura et al., 2003 ). It was concluded that estimated ME m requirements for broiler breeders reduced from week 4 (∼200 kcal/day) to week 16 (∼100 kcal/day; Pishnamazi et al., 2008 ), which was related to feed intake per unit of metabolic BW (R 2 = 0.99, P < 0.001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling life-time energy partitioning in broiler breeders with differing body weight and rearing photoperiods

2020

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Understanding energy partitioning in broiler breeders is needed to provide efficiency indicators for breeding purposes. This study compared 4 nonlinear models partitioning metabolizable energy ( ME ) intake to BW, average daily gain ( ADG ), and egg mass ( EM ) and described the effect of BW and rearing photoperiod on energy partitioning. Ross 708 broiler breeders (n = 180) were kept in 6 pens, controlling individual BW of free run birds with precision feeding stations. Half of the birds in each chamber were assigned to the breeder-recommended target BW curve (Standard) or to an accelerated target BW curve reaching the 21-week BW at week 18 (High). Pairs of chambers were randomly assigned to 8L:16D, 10L:14D, or 12L:12D rearing photoschedules and photostimulated with 16L:8D at week 21. Model [I] was: MEI d = a × BW b + c × ADG × BW d + e × EM + ε, where MEI d = daily ME intake (kcal/day); BW in kg; ADG in g/day; EM in g/day. Models [II–IV] were nonlinear mixed versions of model [I] and included individual [II], age-related [III], or both individual and age-related [IV] random terms to explain these sources of variation in maintenance requirement (a). Differences were reported as significant at P ≤ 0.05. The mean square error was 2,111, 1,532, 1,668, and 46 for models [I–IV] respectively, inferring extra random variation was explained by incorporating 1 or 2 random terms. Estimated ME partitioned to maintenance [IV] was 130.6 ± 1.15 kcal/kg 0.58 , and the ME requirement for ADG and EM were 0.63 ± 0.03 kcal/g/kg 0.54 and 2.42 ± 0.04 kcal/g, respectively. During the laying period, maintenance estimates were 124.2 and 137.4 kcal/kg 0.58 for standard and high BW treatment, and 130.7, 132.2, and 129.5 kcal/kg 0.58 for the 8L:16D, 10L:14D, or 12L:12D treatments, respectively. Although hens on the standard BW treatment with a 12L:12D rearing photoschedule were most energetically conservative, their reproductive performance was the poorest. Model IV provided a new biologically sound method for estimation of life-time energy partitioning in broiler breeders including an age-related random term.

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Effects of amino acid levels during rearing on Cobb 500 slow-feathering broiler breeders: 2. Reproductive performance

et al. 2021

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Crude protein and amino acid ( AA ) content in rearing diets affect body composition and reproductive performance. This study evaluated the effects of 4 dietary AA levels during rearing on BW, egg production and composition, fertility, hatchability, and embryo mortality up to 65 wk of age on Cobb 500 slow-feathering ( SF ) broiler breeders. The treatments consisted in 80% (low-AA), 90% (moderate-AA), 100% (standard-AA), and 110% (high-AA) of the AA recommendations for Cobb 500 SF pullets from 5 to 24 wk. AA was guided by an ideal protein profile based on digestible Lys. A total of 1,360 pullets and 288 Cobb MV cockerels were randomly placed in 16 pullets and 16 cockerel floor-pens. At 22 wk, 1,040 females and 112 males were transferred into 16-floor pens in a laying house. BW increased linearly ( P < 0.01) as AA augmented at 25, 36, and 40 wk. No effects ( P > 0.05) at the onset of lay were observed. Moderate-AA and standard-AA resulted in the best hen-housed egg production ( HHEP ) at 65 wk with 174.3 and 176.5 eggs, respectively. The optimum level of AA for HHEP at 65 wk was estimated ( P < 0.001) in 96.7% and 94.7% by the quadratic and broken line models, respectively. Overall, the lightest egg weight ( P = 0.022) was obtained with 89%AA during rearing, and the heaviest eggs ( P < 0.001) were found at 54 wk. Response surface regression indicated linear effects on albumen and yolk percentages ( P < 0.01) increasing and decreasing, respectively, as AA levels augmented; consequently, AA had a negative linear effect on Y:A ratio ( P = 0.004) with quadratic effects ( P < 0.01) of age (R 2 = 0.92). No statistical effect of treatments was observed in fertility ( P > 0.05), but AA had a quadratic effect ( P = 0.046) on hatchability up to 50 wk of age with 97% as optimum, and decreased linearly ( P = 0.004) from 51 to 65 wk. A few effects of treatments ( P < 0.05) on embryo mortality were observed. In conclusion, AA levels during rearing affect broiler breeder reproductive performance.

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Effect of body weight and energy intake on body composition analysis of broiler breeder hens

Cited by 12 publications

References 22 publications

Impact of growth curve and dietary energy-to-protein ratio on productive performance of broiler breeders

Impact of growth curve and dietary energy-to-protein ratio on productive performance of broiler breeders

Modeling life-time energy partitioning in broiler breeders with differing body weight and rearing photoperiods

Effects of amino acid levels during rearing on Cobb 500 slow-feathering broiler breeders: 2. Reproductive performance

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