Effect of boric acid on the stabilisation of cellulose-lignin filaments as precursors for carbon fibres

Le, Nguyen Duc; Trogen, Mikaela; Varley, Russell J.; Hummel, Michael; Byrne, Nolene

doi:10.1007/s10570-020-03584-x

Cited by 30 publications

(21 citation statements)

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“…Figure b shows the FTIR at the peak of emission in Figures c and d. The FTIR spectrum contains mostly H 2 O (at 1250–1500 and 3500–4000 cm –1 ) and CO 2 (at 2300–2400 cm –1 ). , A small peak at 1160 cm –1 accounts for C–O–C bonds, while another small band around 2700–3000 cm –1 accounts for C–H bonds. , Both peaks suggest the existence of trace amounts of cellulose or lignin monomers. , With negligible other pyrolysis products observed, other than H 2 O and CO 2 , it can be proposed that stabilization was conducted at a temperature that avoided severe pyrolysis and a reduction in char yield. Importantly, this temperature, which is typically chosen from the onset of degradation from the TGA curve, is still able to achieve a comparatively high stabilization rate …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemically Accelerated Stabilization of a Cellulose–Lignin Precursor as a Route to High Yield Carbon Fiber Production

Trogen

Varley

et al. 2022

Biomacromolecules

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The production of carbon fiber from bio-based or renewable resources has gained considerable attention in recent years with much of the focus upon cellulose, lignin, and cellulose–lignin composite precursor fibers. A critical step in optimizing the manufacture of carbon fiber is the stabilization process, through which the chemical and physical structure of the precursor fiber is transformed, allowing it to withstand very high temperatures. In this work, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) is used to explore and optimize stabilization by simulating different stabilization profiles. Using this approach, we explore the influence of atmosphere (nitrogen or air), cellulose–lignin composition, and alternative catalysts on the carbon yield, efficiency, and rate of stabilization. Carbon dioxide and water vapor released during stabilization are analyzed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, providing further information about the stabilization mechanism and the accelerating effect of oxygen and increased char yield (carbon content), especially for lignin. A range of different catalysts are evaluated for their ability to enhance the char yield, and a phosphorus-based flame retardant (H3PO4) proved to be the most effective; in fact, a doubling of the char yield was observed.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemically Accelerated Stabilization of a Cellulose–Lignin Precursor as a Route to High Yield Carbon Fiber Production

Trogen

Varley

et al. 2022

Biomacromolecules

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“…Based on these results, the formation mechanism of the ultrathin carbon layer of BZPC has been proposed ( Figure 1B ). After the pine-cone powder was impregnated with boric acid solution, boric acid molecules penetrated the cell walls and cavities of the lignocellulosic biomass or were deposited on the surface of the biomass powder, forming non-covalently bonded complexes with hydroxyl groups of lignocellulose through hydrogen bonding ( Zhang et al, 2020a ; Hou et al, 2021 ; Le et al, 2021 ). The boric acid underwent self-polymerisation at the start of pyrolysis and eventually formed a glassy B 2 O 3 film on the lignocellulose surface ( Hou et al, 2021 ; Le et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After the pine-cone powder was impregnated with boric acid solution, boric acid molecules penetrated the cell walls and cavities of the lignocellulosic biomass or were deposited on the surface of the biomass powder, forming non-covalently bonded complexes with hydroxyl groups of lignocellulose through hydrogen bonding ( Zhang et al, 2020a ; Hou et al, 2021 ; Le et al, 2021 ). The boric acid underwent self-polymerisation at the start of pyrolysis and eventually formed a glassy B 2 O 3 film on the lignocellulose surface ( Hou et al, 2021 ; Le et al, 2021 ). Then, lignocellulose went through a series of pyrolysis reactions during calcination and eventually forming a thin localised carbon layer.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…First, B–OH reacts with hydroxyl groups to produce water ( Zhang et al, 2020a ). Second, during carbonation, boric acid catalyses the dehydration and deoxygenation of lignocellulose, releasing water, CO, CO 2 , and some volatile small molecules ( Zhang et al, 2020a ; Hou et al, 2021 ; Le et al, 2021 ). These lead to the formation of a microporous structure.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Boron-Doped Pine-Cone Carbon With 3D Interconnected Porosity for Use as an Anode for Potassium-Ion Batteries With Long Life Cycle

Li²,

et al. 2022

Front. Chem.

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Potassium-ion batteries (KIBs) have received widespread attention as an alternative to lithium-ion batteries because of their low cost and abundance of potassium. However, the poor kinetic performance and severe volume changes during charging/discharging due to the large radius of potassium leading to low capacity and rapid decay. Therefore, development of anode materials with sufficient space and active sites for potassium ion deintercalation and desorption is necessary to ensure structural stability and good electrochemical activity. This study prepared boron-doped pine-cone carbon (BZPC) with 3D interconnected hierarchical porous in ZnCl2 molten-salt by calcination under high temperature. The hierarchical porous structure promoted the penetration of the electrolyte, improved charge-carrier diffusion, alleviated volume changes during cycling, and increased the number of micropores available for adsorbing potassium ions. In addition, due to B doping, the BZPC material possessed abundant defects and active centers, and a wide interlayer distance, which enhanced the adsorption of K ions and promoted their intercalation and diffusion. When used as the anode of a KIB, BZPC provided a high reversible capacity (223.8 mAh g−1 at 50 mA g−1), excellent rate performance, and cycling stability (115.9 mAh g−1 after 2000 cycles at 1 A g−1).

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“…Cellulose-based precursor fiber alone often has good molecular orientation but low carbon yield (10–30%) due to different degradation reactions which yield pyrolysis gas such as CO 2 , CO, and other low-molar-mass carbon compounds in the carbonization process [ 139 ]. A number of stabilization and carbonization protocols [ 130 , 136 , 140 , 153 , 154 ] have confirmed the feasibility of carbon fiber production from wet-spun lignin/cellulose precursor fibers. The optimal lignin/cellulose-based carbon fibers had TS = 1.07 GPa, TM = 76 GPa, diameters less than 10 μm, and a shorter stabilization time (<2 h) [ 153 ].…”

Section: Mechanical Performance Of Lignin-based Fibersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lignin-Based High-Performance Fibers by Textile Spinning Techniques

Lin

Cheng

2021

Materials

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As a major component of lignocellulosic biomass, lignin is one of the largest natural resources of biopolymers and, thus, an abundant and renewable raw material for products, such as high-performance fibers for industrial applications. Direct conversion of lignin has long been investigated, but the fiber spinning process for lignin is difficult and the obtained fibers exhibit unsatisfactory mechanical performance mainly due to the amorphous chemical structure, low molecular weight of lignin, and broad molecular weight distribution. Therefore, different textile spinning techniques, modifications of lignin, and incorporation of lignin into polymers have been and are being developed to increase lignin’s spinnability and compatibility with existing materials to yield fibers with better mechanical performance. This review presents the latest advances in the textile fabrication techniques, modified lignin-based high-performance fibers, and their potential in the enhancement of the mechanical performance.

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Effect of boric acid on the stabilisation of cellulose-lignin filaments as precursors for carbon fibres

Cited by 30 publications

References 28 publications

Chemically Accelerated Stabilization of a Cellulose–Lignin Precursor as a Route to High Yield Carbon Fiber Production

Chemically Accelerated Stabilization of a Cellulose–Lignin Precursor as a Route to High Yield Carbon Fiber Production

Boron-Doped Pine-Cone Carbon With 3D Interconnected Porosity for Use as an Anode for Potassium-Ion Batteries With Long Life Cycle

Lignin-Based High-Performance Fibers by Textile Spinning Techniques

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