Effect of Brazilian propolis on scratching behavior induced by compound 48/80 and histamine in mice

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We investigated the effect of Lactobacillus acidophilus strain L-55 isolated from infant feces on experimental allergic rhinitis in BALB/c mice. The heat-treated cells of strain L-55 were orally administrated for 4 consecutive weeks to mice sensitized by ovalbumin (OVA), and nasal symptoms (sneezing and nasal rubbing) induced by OVA challenge were evaluated. Strain L-55 at doses of 1 and 10 mg cells/mouse significantly inhibited nasal symptoms by repeated administration over a period of 2 weeks. Furthermore, we measured the level of OVA-specific IgE titers in the serum by passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) reaction. PCA titers in the sera from mice administrated strain L-55 were significantly lowered compared with the control. These results suggest that oral administration of strain L-55 may be useful for alleviating the nasal symptoms of allergic rhinitis.

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

Effects of Lactobacillus acidophilus Strain L-55 on Experimental Allergic Rhinitis in BALB/c Mice

Sunada¹,

Nakamura²,

Kamei

2007

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“…22,23) Furthermore, natural products such as propolis, which contains caffeic acid has been reported to have antiallergic properties in vivo and in vitro. 24) On the other hand, Inagaki et al 11) reported that compound 48/80 can induce scratching behavior in mice independent of mast cells based on the finding that mast cell-deficient mice also exhibited scratching behavior after injection of compound 48/80. From these findings, they proposed that scratching behavior induced by compound 48/80 occurred through a unique mechanism other than mast cell activation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Caffeic Acid Inhibits Compound 48/80-Induced Allergic Symptoms in Mice

Hossen

Inoue

Shinmei

et al. 2006

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Caffeic acid (3,4-dihydroxycinnamic acid), one of the moieties of chlorogenic acid, is a phenolic compound widely distributed in plant materials other than coffee, including vegetables and fruits.1) Some biological effects have been attributed to caffeic acid. Huang et al.2) have reported the inhibitory effects of chlorogenic and caffeic acid on 12-Otetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-induced tumors in mice. Furthermore, the anti-inflammatory properties of caffeic acid and its derivatives have been proven in in vivo and in vitro experiments.3) In addition, the antioxidant potential with regard to the radical scavenging activity of caffeic acid has also been investigated and demonstrated by Bors et al. 4)Atopic dermatitis is a condition manifesting eczema, serous papules, scaling and crust and in severe cases, erosion of the affected skin. Itch, a sensation causing the urge to scratch, is the most significant outcome of atopic dermatitis, where insistent scratching further aggravates the skin symptoms of the disease. 5) In allergic conditions, histamine contained in skin mast cells, acts as one of the main mediators of itchness 6) ; and it has been proven that antiallergic drugs such as azelastine, oxatomide, terfenadine, epinastine and astemizole exert a relatively potent inhibitory effect on itch induced by compound 48/80 in animal models. 7)It is now accepted that drugs having an antioxidant effect have an antiallergic effect as well, and that superoxide generation plays an important role in mast cell activation.8-10) The release of chemical mediators from tissue mast cells has been centrally implicated in a diversity of allergic and inflammatory disorders. Therefore, in the present study, the effect of caffeic acid on allergic symptoms such as skin scratching behavior and vascular hyperpermeability induced by compound 48/80 were investigated in ICR mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS AnimalsFemale ICR mice (6-10 weeks old) were obtained from Japan SLC, Inc. The animals were housed in an air-conditioned room maintained at 24Ϯ2°C with a relative humidity of 55Ϯ15%. They were given standard laboratory rodent chow (Oriental Yeast, Tokyo) and water ad libitum. All procedures involving animals were conducted in accordance with the Guidelines for Animal Experiments at Okayama University Advanced Science Research Center.Drugs The reagents used in the experiments were obtained from the sources shown in parentheses: caffeic acid (Sigma, St. Louis, MO, U.S.A.), compound 48/80 (Sigma), tranilast (Kissei, Matsumoto, Japan). Caffeic acid and tranilast were suspended in 5% arabic gum, while compound 48/80 was dissolved in physiological saline.Scratching Behavior Caffeic acid was administered to the animals orally, 1 h before starting the experiment. Later, 10 mg/0.02 ml compound 48/80 was intradermally injected into the rostral part of the shaved back of the mice. Immediately after the injection, the animals were put into an observation cage (11 cm in diameter, MicroAct, Neuroscience, Tokyo, Japan), which automatically and objectively ...

“…Several in vitro as well as in vivo studies have confirmed that compound 48/80 potently releases histamine from mast cells, [15][16][17] triggering skin responses such as scratching behavior or increased vascular permeability. In this study, histamine and compound 48/80 were used to induce nasal rubbing and scratching behavior, respectively, in ICR mice, responses that were significantly inhibited by consecutive pretreatment of the animals with Lo Han Kuo extract and glycoside.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…In the case of compound 48/80-induced scratching behavior, tranilast clearly blocked this response by a single administration via mast cell stabilizing effects, results that were not obtained by a single administration of Lo Han Kuo extract or glycoside. In general, natural products exert a stronger effect by consecutive administration 17,22) ; therefore, we also studied the effect of Lo Han Kuo administration for 4 weeks on both histamine-induced nasal rubbing and compound 48/80-induced scratching behavior. The inhibition of both nasal rubbing and scratching behavior by Lo Han Kuo was gradually enhanced by repeated administration.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Lo Han Kuo (Siraitia grosvenori Swingle) on Nasal Rubbing and Scratching Behavior in ICR Mice

Hossen

Shinmei

Jiang

et al. 2005

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Lo Han Kuo (Siraitia grosvenori Swingle) is the fruit of the Siraitia grosvenori plant.1) This plant has been cultivated in a restricted area of the southern part of China, Guangxi Province, and only the heated and dried fruit or extract were traded to other countries such as southeast Asia, Japan and the United States of America.2) Lo Han Kuo has been used as a sweet beverage, it contains sweet components called mogrosides, which are triterpene glycosides 400 times sweeter than sucrose.3) In addition, the extract of the dried fruit has been employed as a folk medicine for pharyngitis, cough and stomach or intestinal catarrh. 4) Konoshima and Takasaki 2) found that the mogroside V contained in Lo Han Kuo might be valuable as a chemopreventive agent against chemical carcinogenesis. It has been recognized that the overproduction of nitric oxide, or NO radicals, induce mutation of genes and strongly initiate multistage carcinogenesis. 5,6) When Siratia grosvenori extract was tested on lowdensity lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation, it was found that its sweet elements reduced the atherogenic potential of LDL by inhibiting not only copper-mediated, but also human umbilical vein endothelial cell-mediated LDL oxidation in a dosedependent manner. 7) Similarly, Shi et al. demonstrated that Lo Han Kuo extract has antioxidant activity against free radicals generated by a hypoxanthine and xanthine oxidase system and Fe(II)-induced lipid peroxidation.8) It is well established that drugs having an antioxidant effect have anti-allergic effects as well, and that superoxide generation plays an important role in mast cell activation.9-11) The release of chemical mediators from tissue mast cells has been centrally implicated in a diversity of allergic and inflammatory disorders. Therefore, in the present study, the effect of Lo Han Kuo on allergic symptoms such as nasal rubbing and skin scratching behavior induced by histamine and compound 48/80, respectively, were studied in ICR mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS AnimalsFemale ICR mice (6-10 week-old) were obtained from Japan SLC, Inc., Shizuoka. The animals were housed in an air-conditioned room maintained at 24Ϯ2°C with a relative humidity of 55Ϯ15%. They were given standard laboratory rodent chow (Oriental Yeast, Tokyo) and water ad libitum. All procedures involving animals were conducted in accordance with the guidelines of the Animal Care and Use Committee, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University.Lo Han Kuo Samples To obtain Lo Han Kuo extract, fresh Lo Han Kuo fruits was washed and crushed; then, an extraction was done using hot water at a temperature range of 80 to 90°C. After filtration, the obtained extract was evaporated under reduced pressure. The moisture content of the extract was about 40 w/w%. To prepare the Lo Han Kuo glycoside, Lo Han Kuo extract in paste form was diluted and the sweet components were selectively adsorbed onto a reversal phase column. Using an ethanolic solution, the sweet components that had been adsorbed onto the columns were eluted. Ethano...