Effect of breakfast fat content on glucose tolerance and risk factors of atherosclerosis and thrombosis

Abstract

Twenty-four middle-aged healthy men were given a low-fat high-carbohydrate (5 . 5 g fat; L), or a moderately-fatty, (25 . 7 g fat; M) breakfast of similar energy contents for 28 d. Other meals were under less control. An oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was given at 09.00 hours on day 1 before treatment allocation and at 13.30 hours on day 29. There were no significant treatment differences in fasting serum values, either on day 1 or at the termination of treatments on day 29. The following was observed on day 29: (1) the M breakfast led to higher OGTT C-peptide responses and higher areas under the curves (AUC) of OGTT serum glucose and insulin responses compared with the OGTT responses to the L breakfast (P < 0 . 05); (2) treatment M failed to prevent OGTT glycosuria, eliminated with treatment L; (3) serum non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) AUC was 59 % lower with treatment L than with treatment M, between 09.00 and 13.20 hours (P < 0 . 0001), and lower with treatment L than with treatment M during the OGTT (P = 0 . 005); (4) serum triacylglycerol (TAG) concentrations were similar for both treatments, especially during the morning, but their origins were different during the afternoon OGTT when the Svedberg flotation unit 20-400 lipid fraction was higher with treatment L than with treatment M (P = 0 . 016); plasma apolipoprotein B-48 level with treatment M was not significantly greater than that with treatment L (P = 0 . 086); (5) plasma tissue plasminogen-activator activity increased after breakfast with treatment L (P = 0 . 0008), but not with treatment M (P = 0 . 80). Waist:hip circumference was positively correlated with serum insulin and glucose AUC and with fasting LDL-cholesterol. Waist:hip circumference and serum TAG and insulin AUC were correlated with factors of thrombus formation; and the OGTT NEFA and glucose AUC were correlated. A small difference in fat intake at breakfast has a large influence on circulating diurnal NEFA concentration, which it is concluded influences adversely glucose tolerance up to 6 h later.

The Effects of Breakfast Consumption and Composition on Metabolic Wellness with a Focus on Carbohydrate Metabolism

“…Very little information is available regarding the role of dietary fats when consumed as part of the breakfast meal on carbohydrate metabolism. The majority of available randomized controlled trials, however, have demonstrated a favorable effect on the postprandial glucose response with higher-compared with lower-fat-containing breakfast meals (46,(67)(68)(69)72). Findings from a meta-analysis of cohort studies (103) showed that increased vegetable fat consumption was associated with a significantly decreased risk of T2DM.…”

Tesaglitazar, a dual PPARα/γ agonist, ameliorates glucose and lipid intolerance in obese Zucker rats

“…Even in healthy individuals, consumption of a meal containing fat produces postprandial TG excursions that persist for many hours and can impair the ability of insulin to regulate glucose metabolism in the postprandial phase of the subsequent meal (13,41). Exacerbated postprandial hypertriglyceridemia, associated with insulin resistance, is evident in patients with newly diagnosed hypertension (20) and patients with type 2 diabetes (33), including their first-degree relatives (3).…”