Effect of Breastfeeding and Formula Feeding on Transmission of HIV-1: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Nduati, Ruth; John, Grace C.; Mbori‐Ngacha, Dorothy; Richardson, Barbra A.; Overbaugh, Julie; Mwatha, Anthony; Ndinya‐Achola, Jeckoniah; Bwayo, Job; Onyango, Francis; Kreiss, Joan K.

doi:10.1097/00006254-200008000-00010

Cited by 250 publications

(405 citation statements)

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“…However, it is very difficult to randomize a behaviour such as breastfeeding, which is inherently a part of a woman's motherhood. This issue has been discussed in a Kenyan study in relation to mother-to-child transmission of HIV in breastfed infants (Nduati et al, 2000). Our findings support the conclusion of other investigators that complementary feeding before 6 months of age does not prevent infant anaemia in developing countries (Dewey et al, 2004).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

A cohort study of haemoglobin and zinc protoporphyrin levels in term Zambian infants: effects of iron stores at birth, complementary food and placental malaria

et al. 2007

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Objective: To examine zinc-protoporphyrin (ZPP) and haemoglobin levels, and to determine predictors of iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) in Zambian infants. Subjects and methods: Ninety-one women and their normal birth weight (NBW) infants were followed bi-monthly during the first 6 months of life, and iron status, food intake, malaria parasitaemia and growth were monitored. At 4 months, the infants were divided into two groups, and the data were analysed according to whether or not they were exclusively breastfed. Results: Almost two-third of infants were born with low iron stores as defined by ZPP levels, and this proportion increased with age. Over 50% had developed IDA by 6 months. Exclusive breastfeeding at 4 months could be a protective factor for IDA (odds ratio (OR): 0.2; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.0-1.1). Exclusively breastfed infants had higher haemoglobin values at 4 and 6 months (mean difference 0.6; 95% CI: 0.1-1.2 g/dl and mean difference 0.9; 95% CI: 0.2-1.7 g/dl, respectively), compared with infants with early complementary feeding. In univariate analysis, past or chronic placental malaria appeared to be a predictor of IDA at 4 and 6 months, but the significance was lost in multivariate analysis. Conclusions: Zambian NBW infants are born with low iron stores and have a high risk to develop IDA in the first 6 months of life. Continuation of exclusive breastfeeding after 4 months is associated with a reduction of anaemia. The effect of placental malaria infection on increased risk of infant IDA could not be proven.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

A cohort study of haemoglobin and zinc protoporphyrin levels in term Zambian infants: effects of iron stores at birth, complementary food and placental malaria

et al. 2007

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“…Samples were obtained from participants in the breastfeeding clinical trial in Nairobi, Kenya (30), in which infants born to HIV-1-seropositive mothers were monitored for HIV-1 provirus in blood at birth and at frequent time points thereafter until each infant was 2 years of age (20,30). Plasma or peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were collected and stored in aliquots at Ϫ70°C or in liquid nitrogen, respectively.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neutralization Escape Variants of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Are Transmitted from Mother to Infant

Wu¹,

Parast²,

Richardson

et al. 2006

J Virol

Self Cite

278

258

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Maternal passive immunity typically plays a critical role in protecting infants from new infections; however, the specific contribution of neutralizing antibodies in limiting mother-to-child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 is unclear. By examining cloned envelope variants from 12 transmission pairs, we found that vertically transmitted variants were more resistant to neutralization by maternal plasma than were maternal viral variants near the time of transmission. The vertically transmitted envelope variants were poorly neutralized by monoclonal antibodies biz, 2G12, 2F5, and 4E10 individually or in combination. Despite the fact that the infant viruses were among the most neutralization resistant in the mother, they had relatively few glycosylation sites. Moreover, the transmitted variants elicited de novo neutralizing antibodies in the infants, indicating that they were not inherently difficult to neutralize. The neutralization resistance of vertically transmitted viruses is in contrast to the relative neutralization sensitivity of viruses sexually transmitted within discordant couples, suggesting that the antigenic properties of viruses that are favored for transmission may differ depending upon mode of transmission.

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“…In the first hours after birth, breast milk contains anti-microbial immunoglobulins; subsequently it also contains lymphocytes, macrophages and soluble factors, such as cytokines, lactoferrin, lysozyme, complement components, that may alter response to infection (Goldman, 1993;Hanson, 2000). However, breastfeeding also predisposes to the transmission of various infectious agents from mother to child (Ruff, 1994;Nduati et al, 2000).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Breastfed infants are at a reduced risk of gastrointestinal and respiratory infections (WHO Collaborative Study Team on the Role of Breastfeeding on the Prevention of Infant Mortality, 2000), but are also at an increased risk of mother-to-child transmission of certain infectious agents (Ruff, 1994;Nduati et al, 2000). Several case-control studies of children with leukaemia have reported a significantly reduced risk associated with having been breastfed as infants (Shu et al, 1999;Smulevich et al, 1999;Infante-Rivard et al, 2000;Bener et al, 2001), although not all studies have noted such a relationship (van Steensel-Moll et al, 1986;McKinney et al, 1987;Davis et al, 1988;Magnani et al, 1988;Shu et al, 1995;Petridou et al, 1997;Dockerty et al, 1999;Schüz et al, 1999;Rosenbaum et al, 2000;Hardell and Dreifaldt, 2001).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Breastfeeding and childhood cancer

Investigators¹

2001

Br J Cancer

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SummaryThe relationship between childhood cancer and having been breastfed in infancy was investigated in the UK Childhood Cancer Study (UKCCS), a national, population-based case-control study. Analyses included 3500 children with cancer (cases) of whom 1637 were diagnosed with leukaemia, 114 with Hodgkin's disease, 228 with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and 1521 with other cancer and 6964 controls. 62% cases and 64% controls were reported to have ever been breastfed. There was weak evidence, of borderline statistical significance, that having been breastfed was associated with a small reduction in the odds ratios for leukaemia (odds ratio = 0.89, 95% Cl 0.80-1.00, P = 0.06), and for all cancers combined (odds ratio = 0.92, 95% Cl 0.84-1.00, P = 0.05). Combining data from the UKCCS with results from other published studies showed a small reduction in the odds ratios for leukaemia, Hodgkin's disease, non-haematological cancers, and all childhood cancers combined, associated with ever having been breastfed. It is unclear whether the apparent small reduction in the odds ratio for these various types of childhood cancer is a generalized effect of breastfeeding or whether it reflects some systematic bias in the majority of studies that have investigated the question.

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Effect of Breastfeeding and Formula Feeding on Transmission of HIV-1: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Cited by 250 publications

References 0 publications

A cohort study of haemoglobin and zinc protoporphyrin levels in term Zambian infants: effects of iron stores at birth, complementary food and placental malaria

A cohort study of haemoglobin and zinc protoporphyrin levels in term Zambian infants: effects of iron stores at birth, complementary food and placental malaria

Neutralization Escape Variants of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Are Transmitted from Mother to Infant

Breastfeeding and childhood cancer

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